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Det. Stephanie Lazarus - A Vintage Video

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I promised T&T readers after the Stephanie Lazarus trial that I was working on additional stories related to her case. I’ve been busy covering other cases, and helping Mr. Sprocket with a long overdue project. However, I haven’t forgotten my promise to get back to the Lazarus case. This is the first of two stories. I hope to post the second before the holidays.

Not long ago, I heard an intriguing rumor about Stephanie Lazarus -- that sometime during her LAPD career, Lazarus had appeared in uniform on a TV game show. There was no mention of it during Lazarus' trial, or in any media reports I've seen. When I began my research, I wasn't sure if the rumor was true. Then I found this clip:




For those of you who haven't seen Lazarus'pre-arrest interrogation video, and may not recognize her, she is the officer holding the oversize check for charity.

I believe the episode aired on May 26, 1995. If so, Lazarus had just made detective. When this episode taped, nine years had passed since Sherri Rae Rasmussen's murder.

This clip is the only part of the episode I’ve been able to find. If someone has a complete copy of the episode, please contact me. T&T will honor all requests for confidentiality.

Michael Gargiulo Case: Pretrial 13 & JFK Assassinated 50 Years Ago

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Michael Thomas Gargiulo, after his arrest in 2008

Friday, November 22, 1963
Our nation looks back fifty years today, to remember the death of our 35th president, John Fitzgerald Kennedy.  As a young child, that day is seared in my memory because it was also my birthday.  I remember being sent home from elementary school. I didn't get to pass out the lollipops I had brought for my classmates. In my mind, I can still see the US flag in our classroom that we said our pledge of allegiance to, draped in black. When my mother got home from work, she took me with her to the post office to pick up a birthday present my father had mailed me. It was a small ceramic figurine, a princess with the month November at the base. I can still see the pain that was etched on people faces, many uncontrollably sobbing. Walking past the news stands, I remember seeing JFK DEAD in black type that looked like it was five inches tall.  Ever since that day, I've felt a connection and admiration of the man who died on my birthday.

Friday, November 22, 2013
There is a pretrial hearing in the Michael Gargiulo case today. In California, Gargiulo is alleged to have killed Ashely Ellerin in 2001, Mario Bruno in 2005, and the attempted murder of Michelle Murphy in 2008.

Today is also our 12th wedding anniversary. Mr. Sprocket is coming to court with me this morning. After the hearing, we'll be helping my friend and author Matthew McGough with some last minute research. Then it's off to celebrate.  I will have an update on the Gargiulo hearing over the weekend.

Continued in Gargiulo Pretrial 13, Part II.....

Kelly Soo Park Trial: Synopsis Part IV -- Non-Admitted Evidence via Pretrial Motions

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 Juliana Redding, undated photo

COMPLETE KELLY SOO PARK TRIAL COVERAGE LINK

UPDATE:spelling, clarity
On June 4th, 2013, a jury found Kelly Soo Park not guilty of the murder of Juliana Redding.  Redding was found strangled to death in her Santa Monica apartment on March 16, 2008. Park was arrested for Redding's murder over two years later.

Juliana Redding's living room where prosecutor's believe 
Juliana fought for her life.

After the trial was over, I promised T&T readers that I would present a synopsis of the trial to help them understand the jury's verdict. Many readers did not understand the verdict when the state presented evidence that Park's DNA was found on several items, including the victim. Criminalists testified at trial that Park's DNA was found around Juliana's neck, on the T-shirt Juliana was wearing at the time of her death, on her cell phone left on a bedside table, as well as on a stove knob in the kitchen.

This is my last post in a four part series, that gave a detailed, post-trial analysis of the case. Part IV covers pre trial motions argued before trial, as to the admissibility of evidence one side or the other, wanted to introduce.

Special thanks and shout-out to my fellow journalist Lonce LaMon of Adjuster.com for her assistance in purchasing motions as well as photographing the evidence once the trial was over. You can see more of the exhibits in the Part III posts. I have purposefully not published a photo of Juliana as she was found out of respect for her family and friends.

CBS 48 HOURS
Tonight, CBS 48 Hours will profile the murder of Juliana Redding and the trial of Kelly Soo Park  who was charged with her murder. All three major networks had producers who attended pretrial hearings and attended most or some of the trial. (T&T was the only source for daily updates on the trial. T&T also reported the verdicts before any other news source. Sprocket) Journalists for NBC and CBS worked together to try to get Judge Kennedy to approve video taping of witness testimony. For the court to agree to that request, Judge Kennedy wanted the network to mount cameras on the wall.  The problem is, those cameras are not something the networks readily have at their disposal, and the daily cost of one camera is several thousand a day. Consequently, only opening statements and closing arguments were video taped.

I knew something was in the works when respected LA Times reporter Jack Leonard sent out this tweet:


Leonard is an excellent journalist and that was most kind of him. (It's a good bet that CBS has an arrangement with the LA Times to feature their journalists on cases they profile.) Not long after, former prosecutor Alan Jackson made a post about the upcoming episode on his Facebook Page.  The initial prosecutors, Jackson and his co-counsel at the time, Eric Harmon (now Judge Harmon),  probably know the case facts as well as DDA Stacy Okun-Wiese, who prosecuted Park.

I will be most interested to see if CBS producers were able to track down any of the jurors and get them to appear on camera. After the verdicts were read in court, the jury asked to be escorted out of the courthouse via a private elevator.  Back on June 13th, a T&T reader left a comment with information about the jury's verdict. Since the commenter asked that I not publish the comment, I have honored that request.

Throughout my coverage of the trial, several people who knew Kelly Soo Park over a significant portion of her life, contacted me and shared what they knew about her. Unfortunately, every single person spoke off the record and were not willing to share this information publicly.

Kelly Soo Park Trial Synopsis
Part I Opening Statements
Part II Prosecution Witnesses 1-10
Part II Prosecution Witnesses 11-18
Part II Prosecution Witnesses 19-21
Part II Final Prosecution & Defense Witnesses
Part III Prosecution Opening Argument
Part III Defense & Prosecution Closing Argument
Part III Additional Arguments to Jury

PART IV - NON-ADMITTED EVIDENCE via PRETRIAL MOTIONS
Before the trial even started, both sides presented motions to admit or exclude evidence at trial. Here's brief review of some of the more significant motions. 

James Bond Girl - Defense Motion to Exclude
From the moment Park was arrested, news agencies were reporting that Dr. Munir Uwaydah --the only connection between Park and Juliana-- had bragged to Juliana's father, Greg Redding that he had an enforcer, a female "James Bond" who would do his bidding. The public heard about this alleged statement but the jury didn't.

Dr. Uwaydah was not on trial; Kelly Soo Park was. Judge Kennedy ruled that Dr. Uwaydah's statement to Greg Redding could not be admitted because it was hearsay.

1101b EvidencePeople's Motion to Admit Other Conduct -- Defense Opposition Motion
The people alleged "The defendant has a history of threatening and intimidating individuals who have an ongoing dispute with her employer, Dr. Uwaydah." The people had two instances of this type of conduct they wanted to introduce at trial.  This evidence would have supported their theory of the case that Park was acting on the orders of Dr. Uwaydah because of the failed business venture with Juliana's father, Greg Redding.

Judge Kennedy ruled that this evidence was inadmissible. With this ruling, the people lost their ability to present to the jury their theory of Park's true relationship with Dr. Uwaydah. In closing arguments, the defense told the jury that there was no evidence presented that Park had any personal desire to harm Juliana, or that she had the murderous heart, capable to carry out such a violent act.

Dr. Uwaydah's Alleged Criminal Conduct -- Defense Motion to Exclude evidence of Uwaydah's Departure -- Defense Motion to Exclude Evidence of Fraud
The defense filed a motion to excluded references to alleged criminal conduct by Dr. Uwaydah. Dr. Uwaydah was not on trial, so it was not surprising to me that Judge Kennedy ruled this evidence was inadmissible.  The defense also argued to exclude references to when Dr. Uwaydah fled the country. Judge Kennedy ruled that there could be more than one reason for why Dr. Uwaydah fled, so that evidence was also excluded.

Drugs Found in Park's Possession During Arrest -- Defense Motion to Exclude
When Park was arrested with Ronnie Case, police "...found several bottles of prescription drugs in the bed of the truck [they were in when arrested], carrying the names of various doctors and various patients." Judge Kennedy ruled for the defense and this evidence was not admitted at trial.

John Glimore's Alleged Conduct & Statements --
Defense Motion to Admit Evidence of Third Party Culpability
The defense tried to present evidence to the jury that John Gilmore could have been the individual who killed Juliana Redding.  Gilmore was an on again, off again boyfriend of Juliana. Witnesses allegedly had seen him become violent against objects (furniture, etc.) when he argued with the victim.  The defense argued to have another girlfirend of Gilmore's, "M.A." testify about alleged violent conduct against her (choking) and statements he made to her about Juliana.  The defense also argued to present evidence of other acts by John Gilmore to show his violent nature.  The defense also filed a supplemental statement by defense counsel Mark Kassabian to support the 3rd Party Culpability evidence.

Judge Kennedy ruled that this evidence did not meet the standard of 3rd Party Culpability, and was excluded at trial.

Michael Gargiulo Case: Pretrial Hearing 13, Part II

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Michael Gargiulo, possibly on arrest date.

Continued from Gargiulo Pretrial 13.....

November 22, 2013
Mr. Sprocket drove with me down to court today. It was a quick, easy drive.

Up on the 9th floor, the hallway is pretty empty when we arrive. Not long after, a large family, almost two dozen people arrive and wait quietly on the hall benches.  When DDA Daniel Akemon arrives, I introduce him to my husband. We have a quick chat about the 50th anniversary of JFK's assassination.  While we are waiting Judge Ohta leaves his courtroom.  DDA Akemon greets him as he passes.

8:50 AM
We're inside Dept. 108.  Judge Ohta is back inside his courtroom.  LA County Sheriff Detective Mark Lillenfield is here. I first saw Detective Lillenfield testify in the Phil Spector trial. Not only is he involved in the Gargiulo investigation, he had a small part in the Cameron Brown case.  DDA Garrett Dameron, DDA Akemon's co-counsel, is not here for today's hearing.

As soon as we take a seat in the second row, Mr. Sprocket points out a large bowl of candy on the court reporter's desk. He wants to know if he can go up there and get a piece of candy. I have to tell him "No, you can't."  I remind him that he can't have his cell phone out when Judge Ohta takes the bench.  There is a suited gentleman with a briefcase sitting in the back row.

There is a female prosecutor sitting at the people's table, most likely for another case.  I overhear that Gargiulo's case will be heard first. Judge Ohta, still out of his robes, chats with the woman at the prosecution table. He then leaves the bench.  DDA Akemon drops off a stack of papers on the defense table. These documents will go directly to Gargiulo.   Judge Ohta asks DDA Akemon if Mr. Filipiak will be here today.  Akemon responds, "No, your honor." The pretty court reporter comes out and starts setting up her equipment.

8:58 AM
Judge Ohta has put on his robe and takes the bench. We are now waiting for Gargiulo to come out. Wheneve Judge Ohta takes the bench, his black robe looks dark brown to me under the florescent lighting.  I whisper to my husband to keep his eyes on the door off to our right where Gargiulo will emerge.

Once Gargiulo sits at the defense table, he gives a quick look back to the gallery. Mr. Sprocket whispers to me that Gargiulo specifically looked back at me. I don't believe that's true, however, I can't recall the last time that I saw Gargiulo look back at the gallery.  The other possibility, is that Gargiulo was looking for his other court appointed investigator.

The man sitting in the last row of the gallery steps up and stands beside Gargiulo in the well.  In a prior pretrial hearing, Gargiulo had told Judge Ohta that he needed a new investigator because the woman who was doing research had been on vacation for a month and (I believe) was also studying for the bar. This must be the new investigator Gargiulo has been assigned.

It's my understanding that the US Supreme Court ruled that defendants facing the death penalty (and typically unable to pay for their own counsel) should have two defense attorneys and two investigators. I believe the reasoning behind it is, that a defendant (whose defense counsel just lost the case on the guilt phase) should not have the same attorney then arguing before the jury to spare the defendant's life in the penalty phase. Since Gargiulo chose to represent himself, he doesn't get a second counsel, but he does still get two investigators.

There are two casually dressed young men sitting on the bench to our left.  They are engrossed with their smart phones with in-ear headphones.  The man beside Mr. Sprocket, is nervously tapping his leg and it's causing the bench to vibrate a bit. It's driving Mr. Sprocket crazy and he wants us to move to a different row.  I tell him he's just going to have to deal with it. We're not moving since the judge is about to take the bench.

We go on the record in People v. Gargiulo and the appearances are documented.  The investigator who joined counsel in the well states his name as Chris Nicely. Judge Ohta states for the record that as of today the case calendar is zero of 90.  I believe Judge Ohta asks DDA Akemon if he has turned over any more discovery to the defendant.

DDA Akemon states that he has delivered document pages number 28,168 through 28,600 to the defendant.  Akemon states he has also provided a copy of the papers to defense investigator Christian Filipiak.  Judge Ohta asks, "Do you have that in front of you, Mr. Gargiulo?"  "Yes, I have," Gargiulo responds.

Judge Ohta notes, "Last time ... in court, ... Mr. Akemon, you filed a (bound? large?) volume, ... 402 Motion in Limine.  In terms of the discovery process, are we (close?)?  Akemon responds, "Almost, your honor. ... We are epecting a report from an expert in mid January."  Akemon suggests that they come back in late January.  "When that happens, the discovery process, ... (will be) more or less complete," Akemon adds.

Judge Ohta comments that there are quite a few documents to look through in that last motion the people filed. He then asks DDA Akemon about the report he's waiting on. "The expert is preparing a crime scene linkage report," Akemon explains.  Judge Ohta then addresses the defendant, explaining to him that he also has a discovery obligation under 1054, if he has something to turn over to the prosecution.

Judge Ohta then asks Gargiulo once the prosecution hands over it's last discovery, "Do you have any idea in your mind... [how long you will need to prepare?]..?  I believe Gargiulo responds "At least within a year. ... I don't really have a date. ... I have a lot of motions to file. ... [there's] lots of discovery."  Gargiulo tells the court there are things he has asked for, things that the DA says he doesn't have, so he's trying to find them. I believe he states he's issued subpoena's, but nothing has come back on them yet.

Then Judge Ohta asks the defendant if he truly plans to go forward with representing himself. "In my years of experience as a judge, I've dealt with many pro per's. ... Some try to see it (all the way through) [to trial] ... and some see it .... I've had many who ... had to gain control of the case. ... Some I think (always?) ... to do it ... and some (?) before finding ... thinking that (they) can prolong the case and then have an attorney step in. .... I just want to make sure this is something you've come do on your own."

I believe Gargiulo replies, "Yes."

Judge Ohta continues, "I don't want to wait a year then you relinquish, and then (ask for an attorney)."  Gargiulo replies, "Your honor. That's not my intention."

Gargiulo explains to the court that he has a conflict with (?) He's not going to trial with an attorney he has a strong conflict with. (I believe that Gargiulo is referencing his former court appointed attorney, Charles Lindner. Then he goes into a long explanation that he's had a (recent?) conversation with another attorney (Gayle?) Rubin, who was also assigned to his case but that counsel had to drop out due to financial difficulties. So Rubin had to file a conflict and was taken off. Gargiulo kept in contact with Rubin, who told him that at any time he would step in and take over as first chair.

Judge Ohta explains to Gargiulo that he's not involved with that. "I'm not privy to that or am I concerned about that. ... What I'm concerned is keeping the trial on track and not derailed. ... I don't want to see it hamstrung. ... Mr. Akemon seems reasonable."  I believe Gargiulo states that's (derailing his trial?) not his intention.

A date to return is chosen: Friday, January 31, 2014.  Judge Ohta gets Gargiulo's waiver to have his trial within 90 days of today's date.

At the last moment, Gargiulo addresses the court. "Someone told me that you might be leaving. Someone told me that you applies to the California Supreme Court."  Judge Ohta responds, "No. Where did you hear that? ... I'm still here."

We're done and the court goes off the record.  DDA Akemon informs the court that Mr. Gargiulo signed for the discovery he handed over today.   Judge Ohta addresses Gargiulo. "Sounds like, Mr. Gargiulo, you want me to do your case?"  Gargiulo replies, "I do."

The defendant is taken back into custody. In the well, DDA Akemon and Gargiulo's new, second investigator shake hands and introduce themselves. They have a short chat before exiting the courtroom. Once Mr. Nicely leaves the courtroom I stop him to ask for his business card so I can get the correct spelling of his name.

And that's it for this hearing.

P.S. I almost forgot to mention that I asked Mr. Sprocket what he thought of Gargiulo. Mr. Sprocket thought Gargiulo's sideburns went well with his long face. 

Happy Thanksgiving 2013

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 "Bronze" turkey (Wikipedia)

UPDATE 11/29:clarity, accuracy of page load activity
T&T Gives Thanks
As we come closer to the end of 2013, Thanksgiving is a time where our nation looks back on the many things we have to be thankful for. I am thankful that T&T continues to be recognized as a respected news source for gavel to gavel trial coverage.

Within the next couple of days, T&T's page loads will pass the 2,550,000 mark.  It's been 22 months since Stephanie Lazarus was convicted, and almost 6 months since Kelly Soo Park was acquitted. However, those two cases still draw a considerable amount of T&T's traffic. Many thanks to T&T readers who continue to support and appreciate our work. 

Recently, I've been trying to put up more "Quick Links" archival pages of past cases that T&T contributors have covered. You can now find in one place (right side of the page), links to the complete coverage of all the high profile cases T&T has covered.  Quick Links pages that still need to be completed are Phil Spector 1, Casey Anthony, and Mark Jensen trial.

What's Ahead for Trials in 2014
It looks like the Gerhard Becker case will go to trial in early January 2014. Sources tell me this case could take as long as six to eight weeks and I don't know if I can devote that much time to the case. I plan on attending opening statements once a jury is selected.

From the last pretrial hearing in the Cameron Brown case, if there are no further bumps in the road, that case will start sometime in April 2014. The Brown case is my top priority case and the one I've been waiting on the longest.

The Michael Thomas Gargiulo case is most likely, a year away from trial. Once the prosecution has turned over all it's discovery, it will be interesting to see what motions Gargiulo files in the months ahead.

It appears the Ka Pasasouk case will go to trial faster than some of DDA Akemon's other cases I've been following (Gargiulo, Barnes & Bolden)

There are a couple of other interesting cases that I might pick up. The Alberd Tersargyan case and the Samuel Little case.

Future of T&T
For over five years, T&T has brought our readers unparalleled, advertising free, trial coverage from inside the courtroom. During the Lazarus trial, T&T put a donation link on the blog. The generous donations from T&T readers during the Lazarus and Park trials have helped to offset some of my travel and court expenses. However, Mr. Sprocket picks up the rest.

For 2014, T&T will be exploring other avenues to make T&T self supporting and profitable. Advertising and sponsorship are just some of the ideas that we will be looking at in the months ahead.

In closing, T&T would like to wish everyone a safe and memorable holiday season this year.

Joshua Woodward Preliminary Hearing, Day 3

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Joshua Woodward at an earlier pretrial hearing

November 18, 2013
8:18 AM 
I'm in the hallway of the 7th floor at the criminal court building, right outside Dept. 51, Judge Pastor's courtroom. Also in the hallway is one of Woodward's counsel. This is one of the attorneys that sat in the gallery during the first two days of testimony. He looks noticeably order than co-counsel of record, Kelly T. Currie. He has has a pleasantly lined face with salt and pepper hair.

8:19 AM
Mavis, Judge Pastor's court reporter (I just adore Mavis), arrives and says hello. 

8:21 AM
I call Mr. Sprocket to tell him that my computer is still not "right" after his first repair attempt. It won't start up.  I spilled water on it and he applied gentle heat to try to dry it out. We got it to start after a while.  It was on the train ride downtown when I discovered I couldn't get it to boot up.

The 7th floor is virtually empty. We are the only two people at this end of the hall.

The salt and pepper attorney overhears my conversation with Mr. Sprocket. Smiling he says, "Can't live with them or without them.  Computers, not husbands.'

It's very quiet. We are still the only two people at this end of the hallway.  Moments later, two more of Woodward's counsel arrive. All three attorneys move to the very end of the hall to chat.

Defense counsel Janet Levine is here. I overhear her ask the other female co-counsel if she is ready.  Now two more defense attorney's arrive. One of them is Kelly T. Currie.

8:42 AM
The bailiff opens Dept. 51.  A minute or two later the defense counsel goes inside.

8:43 AM
Joshua Woodward arrives with another attorney. His parents are not with him today.

8:45 AM
I'm inside Dept. 51.  Judge Pastor's court reporter, Mavis is setting up her equipment. Several of Woodward's attorneys are sitting in the first row. I take a seat in the second row and try to sit as close to in line with the witness box as possible.  During the first Phil Spector trial, Dominick Dunne liked to sit directly in line with the witness.

8:48 AM
Judge Pastor comes out from the back area. His clerk says hello and tells him they have "... the search warrant thing this morning." To the gallery, the clerk asks, "Do we have everyone?"  Ms. Levine answers, "The DA's not here yet."  I'm the only journalist in the room.

8:57 AM
Another case is called, the search warrant case.

8:59 AM
The prosecution team arrives. DDA Habib Balian, DDA Marguerite Rizzo and Detective Fairchild. Their witness, Detective Shafia is with them.  Woodward has three attorneys in the well and four in the gallery.

Judge Pastor goes on the record with the other case. It's about an attorney who was practicing law without a license.  The illegal attorney was representing clients who were in the country illegally. They are victims. They paid this attorney to represent them but there are clients where their cases were never worked. The state bar has intervened. Some of the cases were never closed; never rendered. The cases involved people who were going to be deported.

Judge Pastor is concerned there may be statute of limitation issues.  Many of the victim/defendants didn't know they were victim's of fraud.

9:04 AM
DDA Balian motions to DDA Rizzo and Detective Fairchild to step outside the courtroom.  They all reenter the courtroom a short time later.

9:13 AM
While the other hearing is going on, DDA Balian moves to the jury box to sit beside Ms. Rizzo and converse privately.

Judge Pastor states they need to find out who notifies whom. He tells counsel that he's never run across this situation before. Judge Pastor is very concerned about the people (victims) who in good faith, consulted with someone that they thought was an attorney, on criminal matters.  "I can't imagine that the state bar hasn't dealt with this," Judge Pastor states. "This is very important. Everyday that goes by is a potential problem for litigants." Judge Pastor is not sure if they need a special master but definitely someone from the state bar.

The case is given a new date for the parties to return and for someone from the state bar to be present.

9:20 AM
The Woodward is case is called.  The podium is moved.  Counsel take their places at their respective tables.  The other female defense attorney, Megan Weisgerber is sitting with Ms. Levine at the defense table. Mr. Currie sits in the extra seats in the well while Ms. Levine and Ms. Weisgerber sit at the defense table. DDA Balian will continue with direct of Detective Shafia. Ms. Weisgerber will cross examine Detective Fairchild. Judge Pastor politely asks Mr. Currie if he wants to sit up front.  Mr. Currie indicates he is fine where he is.

John Shafia.
On October 30, 2013, Detective Shafia met with Mr. Balian and Ms. Rizzo.  He brought his entire copy of the case file with him. Shafia verifies that what he brought was everything on the case in his possession. I believe Shafia states that they went through to verify that everything Detective Shafia had in his case file was turned over to the prosecution.

Direct is finished and Ms. Levine steps up to cross Detective Shafia.

JL: ... want to make sure that all areas have been searched for all documents?
JS: Yes.
JL: ... talking about electronic documents that may (not?) exist on paper but on servers. ... In terms of (Brady ?) and (?)...
HB: I'm going to object to ... I don't know that this line of questioning ...
JP: Sustained.
JL: (I'm) going to question (you?) as to what steps you took to preserve ... [documents relating to the case].
HB: Objection!
JP: Over ruled.
JS: Do you want me to discuss all (the) steps (I took?) to document in this case? ...  Everything I turned over was recorded on CD's or paper or photographs.
JL: How do you preserve electronic data?
JS: It would be copied onto CD.
JL: How about CD?
JS: It would have been printed out and turned over and put in the (murder) book.

There are questions about Detective Shafia's documentation process. He states that on or about November 1, 2009, his files were turned over to Detective Fairchild. There was a meeting between Detective Fairchild and Shafia, and a copy of the file was turned over to Detective Fairchild. I believe Ms. Levine asks about the photos that were discovered on October (13? 30?), 2013.  Shafia states the original photos were transferred to CD and turned over.

Ms. Levine questions Detective Shafia about who he spoke to on October 30th and anything else he did. Ms. Levine hands the witness a report by Detective (Coreia?) in 2011. There are questions about when he received that document and when it was turned over to Detective Fairchild or the district attorney.

Shafia is next asked about an email between himself and the victim under a different email account name.  Shafia states he turned this email over to the DA but he doesn't remember when.  I believe the email contained a text message. The communication from Ms. Doe went to his LAPD email account.  Shafia is asked if this is the only email he received from Ms. Doe.

JS: I don't receive any emails from Jane. I recall some phone ...
JL: Is this the only text message or email?

Shafia states he did not preserve the text message between him and Ms. Do on the date Woodward was arrested. Shafia and Ms. Doe had personal text messages (using his personal phone, and not his LAPD issued phone) that were not preserved. He did not take screen shots. Shafia directed Officer Hernandez to take photos of other text messages on Ms. Doe's phone.

JL: Do you know if Ms. Doe erased or kept [that text message] on her phone?
JS: No.
JL: Do you know what she may have erased [in the way of] conversations or text messages with Joshua Woodward?
HB: Objection!
JP: Sustained.

I believe Ms. Levine states she would like to subpoena Mr. Shafia's phone records.

JL: Do you know if you sent texts to anyone else about the case?
JS: No.
JL: Did you send emails to Ms. Doe?
JS: No.

There are questions whether or not he used his personal email for work or business.  "No," Shafia responds. Questions if he used his (work?) phone for personal business. Next there are questions of preservation of evidence.

JL: Did you take Ms. Doe's computer and image her emails?
JS: No.
JL: Did you take her phone and take nay images beyond (those already taken?)?
JS: No.

Next are questions about what he did to preserve lab reports. I see the gray haired man who spoke to me the hallway hand a note to Mr. Currie.

JL: Are there any additional diagrams and or (writings?) that have not been disclosed?
JS: No.
JL: Did you look at Ms. Doe's computer for her search history?
JS: (No.)

JP: Detective Shafia, you've gone through Mr. Balian's (and?) your files as file maintenance by the prosecutor's office?
JS: Not sure.
JP: Have you looked at what the people have in their file?

Shafia states he compared from his book to the prosecution's book. It's a mirror image.  DDA Balian clarifies for the judge that the people's file is larger than Detective Shafia's, because their investigation went beyond Detective Shafia's.

It's not in my notes, but I remember Detective Shafia testifying about how some documents from the Woodward case were mistakenly filed in a totally different case that he was assigned.

This witness is finished and Detective Kimberly Fairchild is called as the next witness.

5. KIMBERLY FAIRCHILD
(Unfortunately, my notes do not reflect who presented Ms. Fairchild's testimony, but I believe it was Ms. Rizzo. Sprocket)

MR: On October 31, of this year, did you meet with Mr. (Balian?) and myself on this case for purposes of discovery?
KF: Yes.
MR: And what you had was everything in relation to discovery?
KF: Yes.
MR: Was some additiona information discovered that we didn't have? ... Was everything you discovered copied and made available?
KF: Yes.

Direct ends and cross begins by Megan Weisgerber.

MW: I want to know generally, what you did to prepare for today?
KF: I did not prepare.

There are questions about what she did to transition the case from Detective Shafia to herself. She met with Shafia. She did not see anyone take notes, only herself and Shafia.  When she met with Shafia, there was a copy of the file already made for her.

Judge Pastor asks a question as to how the detectives refer to their investigative file. It's referred to as a "murder book."

MW: Did you believe that you had received everything that (was?) involved in this case?
KF: Yes.
MW: Were you aware that photos were taken during the search warrant?
KF: Yes.
HB: (Objection!) Which photos?
MW: (Any photos.) ... Have you seen any photos in the execution of a search warrant?
KF: Yes.
MW: When
KF: I don't recall the exact date.
MW: Were there any photos you (just?) received ...?
KF: They were photos of (the?) backpack that were taken in the search warrant.

There are questions about how she takes notes. She listens to interviews and takes notes in a notebook.

KF: Sometimes in a bound notebook and sometimes on loose paper. ... I don't use electronic devices. I use hand written notes.
MW: Anywhere else that you store handwritten notes?
KF: In another notebook stored in my desk.
MW: do you ever store anything at home?
KF: No.
MW: Do you ever store anything in your car?
KF: No.

Detective Fairchild states she searched her desk last week and there's "nothing else" in the way of work notes related to this case.

MW: In this case, when you interview witnesses or prepare, did you store notes in any other way?
KF: No.

There is a question about how she decides what goes from her hand notes into her typed notes. Detective Fairchild explains that everything from her hand notes go into typewritten notes.

MW: Are any type written reports ever edited?
KF: No.
DDA: Objection! Vague.
JP: Sustained. Stricken.

Ms. Weisgerber asks if the witness has ever gone back and edited reports that she prepared.  Detective Fairchild states she only does that to verify spelling and grammar. Reports are saved to the LAPD server.

MW: Did you search the server (before appearing today?) to ensure everything was turned over?
KF: Yes.
MW: When did you do that?
KF: Last week.

She ensured everything was turned over to the DA's office.  There is something that she did not send (via CD?). There's no electronic version of the chrono log on the LAPD (servers).  Some of the chrono is typed, some is hand written. (I've seen this in other chrono logs I've had the opportunity to look at. Sometimes notes are typed; sometimes hand written. Sprocket.)

MW: What do you put on the log?
KF: Everything related to the investigation.
MW: So everything that pertains to this case?
DDA: Objection!
JP: Sustained.
MW: Are all interviews you (obtained?) with witnesses, are contained in the log?
KF: I believe so.
MW: Is... are all of (your?) conversations with Ms. Doe noted on the detective log?
KF: No.
MW: Are there any conversation you had that are not on the detective log?
KF: Yes.

Detective Fairchild explains. Ms. Doe would call and ask how the case was going.

KF: I didn't feel they were relevant to the investigation.
MW: Do you recall approximately how many communications you received from Ms. Doe ... that are not documented? (miss answer)

Ms. Weisgerber asks how often she turns in (updates?) to the detective logs (to the prosecution?)?
KF: I think there have been about two.
MW: Since you last turned one (in), has there .... anything that has happened since that last time you turned over to the DA)?
KF: No.

Detective Fairchild states she hasn't searched other case files for notes on this case because she doesn't have a problem identifying different case files. She is asked if she searched any information for preparation in this case.

KF: No.
MW: Did you conduct a search for any other type of communication, texts, email, with other law enforcement investigators? (miss answer)

MW: Did you search for documents related to communication with witnesses or the coroner?
KF: No.
MW: Do you (recall? received?) the investigation report by Detective Coreia?
KF: Yes.
MW: Do you ... Do you have a personal email account?
DDA: Objection!
JP: Sustained.
MW: Have you ever used your personal email account or phone ...
DDA: Objection! Over broad.
JP: Sustained.
MW: Have you had any communication on your personal email, or use your personal computer or personal cell phone to do any (police work? investigation?)?
KF: No.
MW: Do you have an (?undist?) as to Brady materials?
KF: No.
MW: Is there anything in your files that would (?) your credibility and investigation in this case?
KF: No.

MW: Are you in possession of any substantive documents, interviews, ...
DDA: Objection! Broad.
JP: Sustained.
MW: Are you currently in possession of any documents related to any (investigation?) ...
(miss answer)

Cross is finished and redirect begins.
There is an initial question I believe, about her personal email account.

MR: Are you in possession of any (interviews) of witnesses, or statements of witness or piece of evidence related to this case on any work phone or in any work format?
KF: No.

The photos of the backpack that was seized in the search warrant are discussed, and what she remembers what the photos were of.

There were telephone calls to Ms. Doe but not interviews.

I believe redirect is finished and the people state there is no additional evidence to turn over to the defense.  Ms. Levine mentions something about a "follow-up letter to the DA."

Judge Pastor then tells the parties that what he would like to do now, is take in writing, a waiver execution in open court so that Mr. Woodward doesn't have to fly around the country.  Ms. Levine is going over with her client the waiver, so that he doesn't have to come to every court appearance where he is not needed.  Ms. Levine tells the court, "We have read it and Mr. Woodward has signed."

Judge Pastor advises the defendant. "The law requires that you be present ... required scheduling ... motions ... do you know and understand these ... ?""Yes," Woodward replies.

Judge Pastor replies, "I understand that you may not be living locally. The law allows that your attorney can stand in for you. Do you understand that?"  "Yes, your honor."

The waiver of the defendant's personal presence.  Judge Pastor reads from the waiver. (Defendant) "... agrees that his (rep?) is (rep?) by attorneys. ... It's at discretion of the court to to excuse his presence. ... You're still on bond. ... Did you affix your signature?"

There are more questions that the defendant answers 'yes' to. If he understands, did he date and sign the document. His counsel, Ms. Levine states she dated and signed the waiver.  There are a few other comments, and then the next return date is selected. Monday, December 9th at 9:00 Am.

The next thing discussed are the motions to suppress the statements made by the defendant. I believe those motions will be argued on the 9th or after the prelim is completed.  On the 9th, they will finish the cross of Dr. Kingston and then the cross of Detective Shafia. I believe Detective Fairchild will be last.  The people will not call Detective Hernandez for the prelim.


There is an inquiry about whether or not one (the defense?) has looked over the LAPD SID investigation, [the lab work at Science Investigation Division (SID) on the case] or any problem calling witnesses. I believe the defense states they haven't decided.  Judge Pastor orders the defendant back on December 9th at 9 AM.  And that's it.

Joshua Woodward Preliminary Hearing, Day 4

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Misoprostol, 100 micrograms tablet 
Tablets with the exact same appearance were seized in a search 
warrant executed at Woodward's Los Angeles restaurant, Oct. 2009.

Monday December 9, 2013
The preliminary hearing of Joshua Woodward will resume today in Dept. 51, Judge Michael Pastor's courtroom. Woodward is charged with four counts of attempted murder on a 13 week-old fetus.

Dr. Jessica Kingston, an obstetrician from San Diego and one of three expert witnesses the prosecution has called, and Detective John Shafia who investigated the case are expected to complete their cross examination today.

I will have an update at the noon lunch break.

12:45 PM
During the morning session Dr. Kingston completed her cross examination testimony and she was excused.  We heard cross examination testimony from Detective Shafia for about 15 minutes in the morning session.  His testimony will continue in the afternoon session.

I will need to get a confirmation on this, but it appears the testimony by Detective's Shafia and Fairchild on November 18, was not part of the preliminary hearing, but part of a separate inquiry into how some prosecution discovery items were not turned over to the defense in a timely manner.

I will work on getting my notes up covering today's proceedings later tonight.

1:31 PM
I've confirmed that the testimony on November 18th was not part of the preliminary hearing, but just a discovery hearing.

4:15 PM
Cross examination of Detective Shafia is not complete. It will continue next Monday, Dec. 16 and could continue into Dec. 17.

To be continued......

Joshua Woodward Preliminary Hearing Day 4, Part II

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Continued from Day 4.........

UPDATE 12/11:spelling, clarity, accuracy
December 9, 2013
When I arrive on the 7th floor, five members from Joshua Woodward's defense team are already here in the hallway.

8:40 AM
Dept. 51 opens and I take a seat in the gallery, second row.  A man from the district attorney's office brings a portable screen and sets it up in the jury box.

Janet Levine is wearing a sharp, brown winter suit.  The tailored jacket has a bit of a flair around the hips. Around her neck looks like a darker brown wool scarf. Levine's co-counsel, Megan Weisgerber is wearing an form-fitting medium gray dress and matching jacket. Weisgerber is an attractive woman with chin length, jet black hair. Judge Pastor's court reporter, Mavis, is setting up her equipment. The prosecution has not arrived yet.

8:50 AM
The defense team has neatly set up all their files on their table.  From where I'm sitting I can see six binders and various stacks of papers neatly laid out.   The court clerk and bailiff are having a conversation.  The defense brought with them several boxes of materials and a 32 bottle case of Aquafina water.

8:55 AM
Woodward enters with two more attorneys.  He sits with one of them in the second bench row on the defense side of the room.  The other lawyer sits in the row in front of me.

8:58 AM
DDA Habib Balian, DDA Marguerite Rizzo, Detective Fairchild and their witness, Dr. Kingston arrive. Dr. Kingston is wearing a double strand of pearls, a red sweater jacket with a stylish ruffle design and black slacks. DDA Rizzo has on a kelly green pea coat and I can't take my eyes off it. There's a blue and green silk like scarf around her neck.   Right after the prosecution arrives, Currie, Levine and the two prosecutors chat.  Not long after, another attorney on the defense team enters and sits in the row directly behind me.

9:05 AM
Woodward takes his seat at the defense table.

I'm still a little stuffy from a head cold over the weekend, but I'm hoping I won't need to cough too much.

9:05 AM
The case is called and counsel state their appearances. Before they begin, the people and the defense enter a stipulation of LAPD SID testing performed.  The parties stipulate that Aletha Bacon-Dillo, (sp?) a lab analyst performed testing on August 3, 2010.  Several evidentiary items were tested by the analyst, a pair of panties, white powder in a glass jar, several pills.  If called the witness would have testified that she was unable to verify the presence of misoprostol or (laprazolam?), because no certified tests are available to determine the presence of the named drugs.

9:12 AM
Ms. Kingston retakes the stand. She is still under cross examination. Currie moves the podium near the defense table.  He then places several binders at the witness box for Ms. Kingston to reference.

Currie starts off by asking if she's had any conversations with the prosecutors since she last testified. She did not have any conversations about the substance of her testimony. Since she last testified, she re-reviewed the report she submitted and the documents she was given by the prosecution.  She did not review any additional studies.

Currie then asks several questions about whether it's common for pregnant patients to have a pap smear test. It is. Then there are questions about Chlamydia and it's potential role in spontaneous miscarriage.

KC: Can a patient have Chlamydia and not be aware of it?
JK: Yes.
KC: Are you aware 80% of cases are asymptomatic?
MR: Objection!
JP : Sustained.

Currie then has the witness look at people's exhibit #10, Ms. Doe's medical records.

KC: Did she [Ms. Doe] have a pap smear as part of her prenatal tests?
JK: Yes.

The page with the test results of the pap smear and reviewed. In regards to testing for Chlamydia, the analysis page states "quantity not sufficient for analysis." It means the lab didn't have enough of that sample to render the test.  Currie asks Dr. Kingston when rendering her opinion if she considered Chlamydia as a risk factor.

JK: No because I did not see any test results that showed she had a positive test (for Chlamydia).

In Dr. Kingston's report, she said, "All her prenatals were normal and risk factors were negative." I believe Currie asks her if it's true she can't rule out that she had Chlamydia.  Dr. Kingston agrees but also adds, "But there was no testing that she was positive."  Continue reading.....
Read more »

The Christian-Newsom Torture-Murder Case: A Synopsis

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GUEST ENTRY from DAVID in TENNESSEE! 

On Saturday night, January 6, 2007, Channon Christian, 21, and Christopher Newsom, 23, were carjacked from the Washington Ridge Apartments in Knoxville, Tennessee. They were taken to a house on Chipman Street about three and a half miles away. 

Over the next several hours, Christian and Newsom were both raped, tortured, and murdered. Chris Newsom was dragged by a dog leash around his neck to a railroad track several hundred yards from the Chipman Street house. He was naked from the waist down and his hands were tied behind his back. Chris' face was wrapped in a sweatshirt and his mouth was gagged with his own socks, His bare feet were bound. He had been raped with "an object." and by unknown males. At the track, Newsom was shot three times, only the last was fatal. His body was set on fire, which destroyed the DNA evidence and made it impossible to identify which of the killers raped him. 

Mary Newsom, Chris' mother, wanted to see the body. The police would not let her. She put her arms around the body bag. 

Channon Christian's body was found in the house of Lemaricus Davidson, who is considered the ringleader of those involved. The five feet, eight inches tall Channon Christian was "crammed," according to the medical examiner in a garbage can. She was "hog-tied" with a plastic bag over her head. DNA evidence showed she had been raped vaginally and anally. Semen from Davidson's half-brother was found in her mouth. Her vaginal area had been beaten bloody, either kicked or by something used as a club. Bleach had been sprayed down her throat in an attempt to destroy DNA.

Channon Christian's Toyota 4Runner was found abandoned in the general area. It had been wiped down. However, an envelope was found with a fingerprint. When run through the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) database, it belonged to Davidson. This broke the case.

Without this one fingerprint, the murders might be unsolved to this day. 

Four people were arrested for the torture-murders. They were Davidson, his half-brother Letalvis Cobbins, George Thomas, and Vanessa Coleman, the lone female defendant. A fifth, Eric Boyd, was charged in federal court as an accessory for aiding Davidson after the crime.

According to Cobbins, Boyd provided the vehicle and took part in the carjacking. Boyd was not charged in the murders because he could not be placed in the Chipman Street house. 

The crime was called a "robbery" and a "random" event. However, the only things stolen were items in Channon's purse which were found in Coleman's possession. The Toyota was not kept even though it had a market value of $15,000 according to Channon's father, Gary Christian, who worked at a Toyota dealership. Nor did they try to ransom the victims whom the perpetrators thought were rich.

Here is Knoxville News Sentinel reporter Jamis Satterfield's account of what she thinks happened on Chipman Street. Satterfield believes Boyd raped Chris and that Coleman beat Channon's private parts. I agree with her on these points. I disagree when she writes of it as a "random carjacking.""Random" means it was accidental. The whole affair was very deliberate and as mentioned above, the car was not kept by the killers.

Eric Boyd was convicted in 2008 as an accessory and sentenced to 18 years in federal prison. 

Cobbins was convicted in August of 2009 and sentenced to life without parole. Davidson was convicted on October 28, 2009 and sentenced to death. Also in 2009, George Thomas was convicted and sentenced to life without parole. 

In 2010, Vanessa Coleman was acquitted of all charges regarding Christopher Newsom and of Channon Christian's murder. She was convicted of 17 facilitation charges against Christian and sentenced to 53 years. 

I was in the courtroom for three days of Vanessa Coleman's trial. It seemed to me that some of the female jurors felt sorry for Coleman. At the time, jurors were allowed to ask questions and I saw some pro-defense questions during police testimony. Coleman kept a journal and had some entries for the weekend of the murders. She wrote in part:
"Lets talk about adventures! I've had one HELL OF AN ADVENTURE since I've been in the big T.N.

HA! HA!"
The jurors had no questions about Coleman's diary.

In 2011, it was revealed that Richard Baumgartner, who presided over all four state trials, had been using illegal prescription drugs obtained from a probationer in his own court. He had used drugs during the Christian-Newsom trials.

Judge Jon Kerry Blackwood, who replaced Baumgartner, overturned all four verdicts and said they must be retried. 

The Knoxville District Attorney General appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court and another judge, Walter Kurtz, ruled the Davidson and Cobbins verdicts would stand because of the DNA evidence. Also, Cobbins had testified. Judge Kurtz ordered new a new trial for George Thomas.

The retrial for Coleman had not been contested and took place in November of 2012 with Blackwood presiding. This time Coleman was convicted on 13 of 17 counts and was sentenced to 35 years in prison, somewhat less than the first time. 

She will be up for parole around five years from now. 

George Thomas was convicted for a second time on May 17, 2013. This time Thomas received a sentence of life with the possibility of parole. By law, he must serve at least 51 years.

For the parents of Channon Christian and Christopher Newsom, the second Thomas verdict made seven trials and over 300 court appearances. 

Let us hope the case is over.

David in TN

Belated Merry Christmas 2013

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Tree at the US Capitol Building, date unknown

UPDATED 12/26:spelling of Ms. Brazil's name
The T&T crew hopes everyone had a memorable holiday this year.

Since I am under the weather with a sore throat, we had a low-key celebration at home. Mr. Sprocket is the resident cook and this year he made an excellent turkey with chili from the local Indian store.

Trial Coverage Update
After my last post on December 10, I took a break from writing to sew holiday gifts for friends and family. I did step away from my sewing machine to attend a pretrial hearing for Gerhard Becker on December 11, and more of Joshua Woodward's prelim on December 16.  I hope to be finished sewing in the next day or two and I will update those stories over the next few weeks.

I have the rest of the Bryan Barnes and Javier Bolden prelim coming, as well as a story on DDA Deborah Brazil's December 11 swearing in ceremony to the Los Angeles County Superior Court.

Sprocket Gift Wrapping Tip
If you run out of wrapping paper on Christmas eve, fabric works in a pinch.


Happy Holidays, and best wishes for the new year.


Jahi's Legacy

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I have been watching the sad story of Jahi McMath ever since a Facebook friend posted the initial television news story about “how the nurses failed to listen” to “a young girl’s” family’s pleas for help when she started bleeding after a “routine tonsillectomy” for treatment of sleep apnea at Children’s Hospital Oakland (SF Bay area).

Having been an RN and knowing there’s always another side in medicine, I held off the urge to write “Selfish, lazy nurses!” because I know most aren’t.  The photo that accompanied the article was of a round-faced, dimpled, smiling young teen who had a very short, heavy neck.  I was able to deduce that her sleep apnea was obstructive, not central (in other words, compromised airway instead of defect in the brain).


Media reports from December 15 revealed that Jahi awoke from her “routine tonsillectomy” on Monday, December 9, and was talking, communicating by notes and eating a popsicle the first post-op evening in ICU when “blood started pouring out of her nose and mouth.” The family claims nurses were slow to respond. The family also claims the notes Jahi wrote are missing (though I believe they were probably bled upon and thrown away as medical waste).

Whatever happened, Jahi’s heart stopped beating, either from hypovolemia or aspiration of blood into the lungs, and she was resuscitated and received four transfusions (Via a video, the mother believes her daughter died from “drowning in her own blood. This, of course, is impossible to confirm or deny without an x-ray or an autopsy. Because the hospital cannot release information, we do not know the true cause of her hemorrhage or her heart stopping. Furthermore, if aspiration took place, it may well already be resolved.). She remained unconscious on a ventilator on Tuesday, and at 2 a.m. on Wednesday, signs of hypoxic (lack of oxygen) braininjury via swelling were observed.  She underwent a CT scan that revealed 2/3 of her brain had swollen.  When the brain swells, it permanently damages neurons, which are the connective sparks within the brain.  An excellent tutorial as to what happened is here.



After serial exams, usually performed at least 12 hours apart but preferably 24 hours apart, along with a brain perfusion scan, two electroencephalograms, and five physical exams including an apnea exam, Jahi was declared brain dead on December 12.


Above: Images of normal blood circulation to the brain (left)
 and absent blood circulation—brain death (right).
 Image from Fusionspark Media Inc.

Per the hospital’s court papers, most families come to terms with the diagnosis, and 2 to 3 days are routinely given for the family to say goodbye. The family did not want Jahi to “die” at Christmas, requested she not be disconnected, asked for 48 hour notice of termination of the ventilator, demanded a “feeding tube,” and began to seek an attorney to force the hospital to keep the teen on the ventilator through Christmas.  The media circus and smear campaign against Children’s Hospital Oakland (CHO) began. 

Above: Image of perfusion scan in brain-dead child. 
Image from Fusionspark Media Inc.

As the days progressed and this what should have been a private tragedy was played out on TV and in newspapers, we were presented with the family’s story of blame toward the doctors and nurses. We read articles where Jahi’s uncle claimed the doctors were heartless and pronounced Jahi “dead, dead, dead.”  We came to understand, via a court document from the hospital’s attorney, that Jahi had been examined 5 times by two different neurologists over the course of two days and all exams took the physicians to the same conclusion based on serial EEGs, a brain perfusion scan, physical exams and tests to see if she could breathe on her own (the ventilator is turned off for a short time to see if she takes a breath independent of the machine). 

The family was convinced those doctors had an agenda, and that was to kill Jahi. Hence, they scrambled to retain a lawyer (who will remain unnamed because I do not want to contribute to free publicity) and took CHO, an institution with a long history of service to East Bay children and their families, to court, alleging that the hospital wanted to kill Jahi. They asked to have Jahi for Christmas, which would be 13 days after she’d been declared brain dead.  Jahi’s body was to be taken off the ventilator sometime after her “last” exam, which occurred on December 16, a week from the surgery and four days after she’d been pronounced brain dead by two different physicians after numerous exams.  That final exam was by one of the two CHO physicians.

Because the family was convinced that CHO wanted Jahi dead, even though she’d been pronounced brain dead by two doctors and was, by legal definition, dead, they started a 24-hour vigil at her bedside, to make sure the hospital didn’t do anything behind their backs. They also did not want the ventilator turned off at Christmas time, and they demanded a feeding tube be placed, a request the hospital denied outright, because it does not do procedures on deceased people.

From CHO’s attorney’s response court filings on December 20, we learned that Jahi had not had a simple tonsillectomy, but actually several invasive procedures to open up her upper airway. She’d undergone an adenotonsillectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, and submucous resection of bilateral inferior turbinates. In laymen’s terms, her tonsils and adenoids had been surgically removed from the back of her throat, her uvula (that thing hanging down at the back of your throat) and soft palate removed or remodeled, and excess soft tissue removed from the back of her nose. These tissues are very fragile and highly vascular, meaning they can bleed a lot, as anyone who has had a nosebleed can testify to. We learned via local media that the teen had recently been given the privilege of taking the bus to nearby Berkeley to get her favorite treat from an ice cream shop: a snickerdoodle ice cream sandwich with vanilla ice cream, despite weight being a huge factor in obstructive sleep apnea.

Via a court order issued December 20, a third physician did a sixth exam without ties to CHO on December 23. Dr. Paul Fisher, pediatric neurologist from Stanford University Hospital, made the same sad diagnosis. In a court order issued on December 23 hours after Dr. Fisher’s exam, Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evilio Grillo made the statement that Jahi had met all of the conditions of brain death and was legally deceased. Before the 6th exam, the mother indicated the family would respect that “non-biased opinion.” The same court order stated the hospital must keep Jahi’s body on the ventilator until 5 p.m., December 30.

The family moved a Christmas tree into a hospital waiting room and 15 family members celebrated Christmas. There were presents for Jahi, the family played cards and dominoes, and sang Christmas carols at Jahi’s bedside.

Via media reports generated by the family’s attorney or the family themselves during that week, supposedly plans were being made to send Jahi’s body to a long-term care facility, first one in the Bay Area, then one in Southern California. One by one, these unnamed facilities backed out. A church-sponsored fund-raiser was cancelled on December 28. The family set up a GoFundMe account (which now has $41K in it as of this writing) to pay for an air ambulance to take Jahi to a new facility. The family claims a company has been contacted and agreed upon a price of over $20K, but the hospital has yet to hear from it through official physician-to-physician channels. On December 27 the hospital said it would assist in the transfer if certain conditions were met, including the county coroner signing off on the transfer, because Jahi is dead.

In preparation for the “transfer,” the family asked CHO to perform a tracheotomy (where a breathing tube is placed in the larynx for long-term mechanical ventilation) and a gastrostomy tube (where an incision is made into the abdomen through to the stomach and a feeding tube is placed) in preparation for a “transfer.”  The hospital refused, saying it was unethical to perform surgery on a dead person.

On December 30 the family claimed to have video proving Jahi was moving. The family claimed to have shown the video to hospital personnel, but a hospital spokesperson stated that spontaneous movement is indeed possible in a brain-dead person.  (Not for the faint of heart, but you may Google "Lazarus reflex" and watch a pair of videos to show what might be happening. The family has not released their video to the media.)

Until December 31, no facilities were named. But on that date, a “facility” called New Beginnings in New York said they’d accept Jahi and care for her "as a living person." A quick check reveals a hairdresser and undertaker run New Beginnings on Long Island, and that there is no impatient facility. And probably most disturbing of all, it was revealed that the Terri Schiavo Life & Hope Network had been assisting the family in finding a place for Jahi’s body all along.

Via messages left on SFGate’s message board, commenters claimed that the family did not follow the physician’s post-op instructions.  Because of HIPAA laws, the hospital and staff are not allowed to talk, but civilians visiting the hospital are not bound to silence. Numerous posts claimed that the family marched extended family to Jahi’s bedside, talking to her and encouraging her to talk back. Doctors and nurses instructed the parents to keep the teen quiet.  

There has also been chatter on message boards regarding co-morbidities. While it is true that anything on the Internet needs to be read with suspicion, sometimes the truth eeks out. Posts were made stating that she had Type 2 diabetes and asthma. Posts were made claiming that Bay Area physicians, when asked by parents about tonsillectomy risks, replied that the word in the medical community was that Jahi’s family failed to disclose a familial predisposition to bleeding. Because of HIPAA laws, the hospital is not allowed to discuss the case at all, and is only allowed to say that Jahi is in the facility and that her condition has not changed.

Things are starting to look like this was family noncompliance, not physician error or nurse negligence. Talking is a no-no in the immediate post-op period after any sort of upper airway surgery. Failing to disclose something as serious as a potential bleeding disorder may well have been fatal.

On Monday December 30, about an hour before the ventilator was to be turned off, Judge Grillo issued another temporary restraining order stating Jahi must be maintained until 5 p.m. on Tuesday, January 7, 2014, and instructed both sides to return with updates—presumably an update from the hospital documenting an unchanged brain status, and the family with a specific facility and legal transport plan. The Superior Court judge refused to order the hospital to the surgical procedures of tracheostomy and gastrostomy. The family attorney also filed in federal court, claiming Jahi’s civil rights was being violated, as well as her rights as a disabled person. The federal court will not hear the case until it has been resolved in the lower courts.  The hospital’s attorneys argue that brain-dead deceased people do not have civil rights, nor are they disabled, because they are dead.

On the last day of 2013, 1st District Court of Appeals Judge Robert Dondero instructed attorneys on both sides to submit updates by 4 p.m. on Friday, January 3, 2014, including specifics about a transfer to a long-term facility. In the papers filed with that court, the family attorney’s claimed Jahi’s removal from the ventilator violates her Freedom of Religion and Right to Privacy.  The 1st District Court ordered a temporary stay until Tuesday, January 7, 2014.

As of this writing, the hospital has yet to be directly contacted by any licensed facility with a specific transport or admission plan.

In summation, an overweight teenager with other co-morbidities rumored to be Type 2 diabetes, asthma and a familial tendency for bleeding, after two physician opinions, underwent a very extensive remodeling of her upper airway on December 9. She began to bleed for an unknown reason (though some blood loss is common in upper airway surgeries) that evening while in the ICU. For whatever reason, her heart stopped.

It is not known how long doctors worked on Jahi. Standard operating procedure during a code consists of establishing an airway (a nasopharyngeal [into the nostrils and down the throat] or
oropharyngeal [in the mouth and down the throat] tube), which is initially ventilated by a bag of oxygen that an RN or respiratory technician operates, chest compressions, and if the cardiac rhythm is favorable, electric shock. A central line may be placed underneath the collarbone into the heart to monitor heart efficiency and blood pressure. Medications are given to restart the heart.

She remained unconscious and on a ventilator all day Tuesday, December 10. In the early-morning hours of December 11, signs of brain swelling were noted.  That pressure, combined with a lack of blood flow, effectively killed her cerebral cortex and brain stem. How is it known her brain stem is dead?  Because she is unable to breathe on her own without the ventilator, and has no swallow or gag reflex. How do we know her cerebral cortex—the seed of our consciousness and individuality—is dead? She is unconscious because there is no blood flowing through her brain and there is no electrical activity.

Her heart beats because the heart does not need messages from the brain to beat.  At the time of the independent physician exam, she was also receiving a medication called Vasopressin, which is used during codes to start a non-beating heart and to maintain heartbeat at the cellular level. Nursing staff in CHO’s ICU are taking care of a deceased person, and a critical care bed is tied up until the ventilator is removed or the body is transferred.

The family went public on December  16.

For the most non-biased news coverage, I encourage readers to search the Los Angeles Times for its coverage. Most of the coverage garnered in the Bay Area is one-sided, with little investigative work and the family’s statements regurgitated without question.

The title of this piece is “Jahi’s Legacy.” It is sad that this teenager is going to be remembered for her family’s actions through the court. and for the prolonged time her body was kept on a ventilator.  What can we learn from Jahi?

First, there is no such thing as foolproof, guaranteed safe surgery. Every surgery carries risks. If a minor is having surgery, the parent must truly understand what is being done, and what can go wrong. In the case of a patient with other health problems, one must know nothing is routine. Asthma by itself was complication enough, but possible Type 2 diabetes and a possible bleeding disorder make surgery very risky.

Second, if surgery is done, post-operative instructions must be followed to the letter.  If the patient is a minor, the parent must do their best job in getting the child to adhere. Additionally, a teen should be old enough to follow instructions.

Third, surgery may not be the best way to fix things. How hard did Jahi and her mother try to promote healthy eating and weight loss through exercise? This is probably Jahi’s most important legacy—healthy lifestyles can benefit all of us, and it is up to parents to teach their children. The best way to teach children is by example.  

Finally, going to the media may have been intended to garner support and sympathy, but eventually the public tires of a circus. Except, of course, for those on the “Keep Jahi on Life Support” FB page and the GoFundMe website that’s raising money for as of yet non-confirmed air ambulance to an as of yet non-confirmed bona fide licensed medical facility able to care for a dead patient on a ventilator.

I would encourage readers to peruse the court documents for additional information, and to add to intelligent discussion.

Gerhard Becker Pretrial Hearing 9

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Gerhard Becker and his previous attorney at a pretrial hearing in 2012.
© Artist Thomas Broersma 2012, all rights reserved.
  thomasbroersma@yahoo.com

Wednesday, December 11, 2013

I'm on the 9th floor of the downtown criminal justice center.  The hallway is virtually empty.  There are less than a handful of jurors from Dept. 109 who have just arrived.

Gerhard Becker is charged with involuntary manslaughter in the death of firefighter Glenn Allen.  Allen died while fighting a fire that broke out in Becker's 12,000 square ft., Hollywood Hills home in February 2011.  Becker was arrested about a year later.

8:22 AM
DDA Sean Carney arrives on the 9th floor and breezes by me to enter Dept. 104, Judge Robert Perry's courtroom. I quickly get up to follow him in.

Becker and a girlfriend I've seen on previous hearings are already inside the courtroom, seated in the last row.  I take a seat in the second row.  I mention to DDA Carney that DDA Deborah Brazil will be sworn in today to the Superior Court. Carney indicates that the other DDA that will be sworn in, Frank Tavelman, is in his unit and a good friend.

On December 5th, Governor Brown announced eight appointments to the bench.


I knew that Ms. Brazil was being interviewed by the governor's office back in September, but it was unofficial. I did not have permission to write about what I knew. The political blog Los Angeles Dragnet reported the appointments on Friday. I learned about Ms. Brazil's appointment on Monday when a friend sent me the notice. DDA Brazil and DDA Tavelman will be sworn in today in Dept. 100 at 12:15 PM.  I first saw DDA Brazil in action during the Conrad Murray preliminary hearing in January 2011 and during the recent Barnes & Bolden prelim. She's a very talented prosecutor and I'm looking forward to attending her swearing in ceremony today.

There are at least eight DDA's that will be running for two vacant Superior Court seats. It's unknown at this time who will be paired up against each other and it could turn into a Hunger Games like blood-bath.

DDA Carney tells me he's currently in trial in another courtroom.  What he tells me about the case piques my interest.  After this hearing is over, I don't have anything to do until the swearing in so I tell him I'll probably follow him up to the 15th floor and sit in on his case for a few hours.  Carney tells me the case is in Dept. 127 on the 15th floor and that the defendant is pro per.

8:33 AM
We're waiting on defense attorney Donald Re. Judge Perry's clerk Melody is not at her desk at the moment. DDA Carney and Judge Perry's court reporter Beth chat about getting ready for Christmas and how fun the holidays are with little ones.  Beth has on a cute black and gray outfit today. It's a long, form fitting tailored top with a pronounced flair at the hips. It's paired with a long complimentary skirt.

A woman comes in and speaks to the bailiff.  The bailiff points out Becker, who is still in the back row. I overhear him tell the woman that they "...don't do that sort of thing inside the courtroom, but you can take a seat."  I'm guessing she is here to serve Becker with papers.

8:44 AM
Judge Perry takes the bench. I believe I hear him tell the room, "I think I set this thing for nine (9:00 AM)."  Judge Perry and his court reporter chat. She jokingly chides him that he didn't tell her he was leaving early on a prior day. Judge Perry had a doctor's appointment. He jokingly responds, "What are you, my mother?"  It's a pleasant, jovial conversation.  Judge Perry then addresses his bailiff, asking about someone the bailiff knows. The bailiff used to play football and there is a conversation about where the bailiff is from. Judge Perry then shares a personal experience about when his children were very young and experienced snow for the first time.

8:50 AM
Donald Re enters and stops by the back row to speak to his client. I over hear him say, "...and there's a lady outside if you want to get served."  Judge Perry is reading motions at the bench.  Re is going to go grab DDA Carney, who left earlier for a hearing down in Dept. 107. 

8:56 AM
DDA Carney and Re return.  Judge Perry asks counsel, "Do we want to talk in chambers?"  DDA Carney and Re wait behind the clerk's desk before entering the back area.  One of them jokingly says, "I don't know if it's 'safe' to go before the judge." The other responds, "I don't want any booby traps." (Judge Perry hasn't left his bench yet, and they don't want to go in "before" Judge Perry.)

As the attorneys follow Judge Perry into his chambers, their voices are loud. I'm guessing Judge Perry left the door to his chambers open.  The bailiff advises the clerk to close the door to the back area.  Even so, I can still barely hear DDA Carney's voice.

Behind the clerk's desk, I can see the days that are blacked out on December's calendar. Judge Perry's courtroom is dark from December 13 through the 31.

9:06 AM
It's totally quiet in the courtroom. I note that there appears to be a new piece of equipment in the well by the court reporter's desk. It looks like a printer combined with a cabinet. I hear the faint sound of a radio, but I have no idea where it's coming from.

9:15 AM
Becker leaves the courtroom to take a phone call. A few moments later, Re and DDA Carney emerge from Judge Perry's chambers. I believe Re goes out to speak to his client. Judge Perry, DDA Carney and the court reporter talk about Carney's other fire case involving a German national, Harry Berkhart. That defendant is facing 100 counts. The discussion is about reading all those counts into the record. Judge Perry shares that he had a case with 129 counts and he told counsel there would be a summary reading of the verdicts.  Beth shares that Judge Kennedy had a case with more counts than that.  They were all read.  Judge Kennedy read some, the clerk read some, and another clerk was brought in to read some of the verdicts.   Smiling, Judge Perry says, "I did 125 [counts] in half an hour."

Judge Perry discusses a prior case in his courtroom. DDA Carney is asked about his current assignments. He explains that he is also involved in cases involving explosives and several other interesting cases.

9:20 AM
Mr. Re returns and Judge Perry goes on the record. "We have discussed the case ... and have everyone come back on January 3, 2014, at 8:30 AM for further proceedings.

And that's it. Out in the elevator bay, Becker's girlfriend gives a hug to Re.  I go down to the cafeteria to wait until 10:30 AM when DDA Carney's other case will pick up again in Dept. 127.  I sit in on that case until noon and then head to Dept. 100 to attend DDA Brazil's swearing in ceremony. I'll have that report up in another day or two.

Case Status
The DA's weekly calendar indicated that Becker's next hearing on January 3 is a plea hearing.  Another source confirmed that Becker will be taking a plea.

The Long, Sad Death of Jahi McMath: The Circus in Oakland—There Are No Winners

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Brain death: Hot nose sign. This occurs because there is no blood flow to the internal carotid artery, blood flow is increased to the nasal region, which is supplied by the external carotid. Please note: I do not know if Jahi's imaging scans have a hot nose sign. I have included this image as an illustration of brain death. Note no blood flow to the cerebral cortex. 

UPDATE 1/6/14 Jahi McMath: Merely Dead, or Really Most Sincerely Dead? (new post)
UPDATE 1/5/14: 10PM 
The San Jose Mercury News has posted a timeline of events.
UPDATE 1/5/14: 9:15 PM
The San Jose Mercury News reports:
Jahi McMath was quickly and quietly moved from Children's Hospital of Oakland Sunday evening, the hospital confirmed.
snip
David Durand, chief of pediatrics at the hospital, sent a news release just after 8:30 p.m. confirming she was moved. 

"A short while ago, the body of JahiMcMath was released by Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland to the coroner," he wrote. "The coroner has released her body to the custody of her mother, Latasha Winkfield, as per court order, for a destination unknown.
UPDATE 1/5/14:HIPPA - US Dept. Health Website
Previous story: Jahi's Legacy
Latest story: Jahi McMath: Merely Dead, or Really Most Sincerely Dead?

The family of brain-dead/brain-stem dead teenager Jahi McMath had their day in court. I’ve been enjoying local media reports that characterize the decision as a “victory” for the family. My reading comprehension tells me that CHO now doesn’t “need” or require speaking to the transporting or receiving facility. All they need to do is show up, and the hospital will let their critical care team move Jahi from a bed to a gurney. Jahi’s “critical care staff” will disconnect CHO’s ventilator from her endotracheal tube and attach to theirs, take her IVs or central lines as they are, her urinary catheter, EKG leads to their own monitor, and pulse oximeterfinger sensor. CHO will give a report on her conditions, copy of the medical treatments; go over most recent labs, and that’s that. CHO’s responsibility ends and it is now on the mother of the deceased teen.

CHO is NOT being compelled by the court to insert a tracheostomy or a gastric feeding tube, and it is not compelled to let an outside critical care do it. In other words, they make take the body and whatever is attached to the body, save the devices that belong to the hospital.

The family’s lawyer, who shall go unnamed because I do not want to contribute to his publicity, makes the dual claim that the family is still looking for a physician to do the tracheotomy and gastrostomy, and then states there are unnamed doctors willing to do the procedures, and then concludes with the remark that the procedures will not be done in the critical care ambulance that supposedly will pick up Jahi’s remains.

Anticipating for the absurd here, because this case has told me anything can happen.  The medical devices necessary—a ventilator with oxygen, cardiac monitor, probably IV pump—can be rented, with a doctor’s prescription.  I seriously doubt any reputable doctor would write such a ‘script. Additionally, renting medical devices is very pricey, and because there is no insurance, any medical supply will no doubt ask for lots of cash up front.  She will need IV fluids, a peripheral IV catheter changed at least weekly, if not more often, and if the vasopressin is still in use, a prescription needs to be written and amounts prescribed.

The temporary restraining order in effect until 5 p.m. January 7 is still in place and according to Superior Court Judge Grillo will not berenewed or revised.

In other words, the family has until Tuesday, January 7 at 5 p.m. to move the body.

If the New Jersey “facility” is real, there’s a huge storm heading to the Northeastern United States. I’m pretty sure a medevac jet will not risk a crew by flying into that sort of weather on a non-emergency flight of a deceased body.

In the hospital’s attorney’s brief, the statement was made that CHO staff is “demoralized” by the court’s forcing them to care for a dead girl, and that the family’s demanding of the surgical procedures “grotesque and unprecedented.”

Doing my usual perusal of the Internet and message boards, it was revealed in a television report  (a local SF station) by the teen’s uncle that she’d had two other surgeries to correct sleep apnea, and that she had nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) because of the obstructive apnea.


Message board comments have said family court documents reveal that Jahi’s body has diabetes insipidus, which is a known complication of brain death.

There are also remarks that Jahi’s mother, grandmother and stepfather all suctioned her oropharynx when bleeding started, before summoning an ICU nurse. Hearsay, yes, but remember, families and visitors of other patients are not bound to silence by HIPAA.  Did they worsen the bleeding by too-aggressive suctioning?

The nurses’ notes are going to be critical. Any student RNs out there, learn from this case now, before it happens to you.

For those asking how long a body can be sustained on a ventilator, I am trying to find bona-fide medical data. Most of the standardized research is on baboons and pigs, and it is hard to find a study where every body received the same treatments at code, and are receiving the same medications. I did leave a couple of long comments with my previous post. Suffice it to say, a brain-dead body identified as an organ donor receives a great deal of treatment, because of hormonal and electrolyte imbalances.  The pituitary gland provides feedback for all of the hormone-producing body parts such as the thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands. Those electrolyte imbalances result in cardiac failure. Jahi’s body is not being treated to preserve the organs, and the courts have not ordered the hospital to treat her body as such.   I encourage any critical care RNs (KZ where are you?) or physicians who would like to explain the physiology. My brain is sleep-deprived and it’s not disseminating information very well.  I am honestly having nightmares over those Lazarus effect videos, and not much grosses me out.

As far as I can tell, there is still a federal court hearing on Tuesday regarding Jahi’s civil rights and ADA rights being violated.  I have not heard of results of federal mediation results as I write this.

 I will continue to look for the completed briefs, but in the meantime, the new agreement is posted here.

Thank you for your intelligent, (for the most part) adult commentary. T&T readers are the best!

Twitter Pic of alleged agreement between family and hospital

CBS San Francisco - Death Certificate Issued for Jahi McMath

CNN Video - Legal Battle over Jahi McMath

San Francisco Gate - Hospital Agrees to let Family take Jahi

NBC Bay Area - Family Cleared to take Teen from Hospital





Gerhard Becker Plea and Sentencing

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 Firefighter Glenn Allen's badge and memorial photo,
worn by a fellow firefighter at Becker's sentencing.

UPDATED 3:00 PM:clarity, spelling
January 3, 2014
It was a week ago when I first learned that Becker would be taking a plea on the involuntary manslaughter charge. Today, when I was walking up to the front entrance of the criminal court building I saw four uniformed firefighters. As I was clearing security, more firefighters started arriving, along with what looked like friends and family members.

Up on the 9th floor, the security station hasn't opened yet. There's a camera man in line in front of me along with City News reporter, Terri Keith. Behind me are several friends and/or family members and a line of firefighters in uniform. Defense attorney Donald Re is here, speaking to another (friend?) attorney of Becker's, Jay Gottfriedson (sp?) who attended a few days of the prelim last year. I wonder when Becker will arrive.

Gerhard Becker, at a prior pretrial hearing, 2012

8:06 AM
The security station staff arrive. I clear security and take a seat beside Terri Keith in the hallway right outside Judge Perry's courtroom. Judge Perry does not allow any electronic devices, not even for taking notes so I will not be able to use my laptop. More firefighters arrive.  Terri tells me that Becker had already surrendered. He's been in custody since December 16th, 2:45 pm, three days after the last pretrial hearing.

Screenshot of LA Co. Sheriff's website, Inmate Locator

Even more uniformed firefighters arrive. The courtroom gallery will be full. I call my friend Matthew McGough to tell him he better get here soon or he might have trouble getting a seat.  The courtroom is opened and Terri Keith and I take a seat in the front row.  Media cameramen enter and check with the bailiff. The bailiff tells them that Judge Perry has already decided there will be no photography or video taping of the plea and sentencing.  That's interesting. Usually Judge Perry allows video taping of sentencing.

I try to take a count of the room. At the moment, there are approximately 20 firefighters in uniform, and six to eight civilian dressed family members.  The firefighter sitting to my left, (the name plate on his uniform says "Slack") tells me he was Glenn Allen's partner.  He also points out Glen's wife and daughter who are sitting in the front row. I tell Firefighter Slack that I covered the case from about two weeks after the arrest.

Captain Watters, who testified at the preliminary hearing is here. The back and front row are filled with firefighters.

8:17 AM
Attorney Re emerges from the jail holding area and sits at the defense table for a moment.  The AP reporter is here and Matthew arrives. There are other reporters in the courtroom, but there isn't anyone that I immediately recognize.

Judge Perry's clerk, Melody asks if anyone has seen Sean (DDA Carney) yet. LAPD Robbery - Homicide Detective Greg Stearns arrives with two other suited gentlemen. DDA Carney finally enters Dept 104. He stops to greet the family.

Melody addresses DDA Carney. "Sean, let me know when you're ready." He replies, I need a couple minutes."  Carney then goes over to the clerk's desk with some papers and Melody goes back to Judge Perry's chambers. Jane Robison from the DA's office arrives with two others from her staff.

Speaking to the family, DDA Carney outlines who will speak first from the family and who will follow.  I look over at Glenn's wife who appears stoic and composed. I'm over come with sadness. It's just an emotion that overwhelms me and I don't know where it's coming from.  DDA Carney and Mr. Re have a quick chat and then Carney asks to see the judge briefly in chambers.  Re and Carney go back. I struggle to get a hold on my emotions.

A reporter from local KNX radio arrives and inquires about audio taping the proceedings. The bailiff tells him the judge hasn't ruled on that yet. LAPD Robbery - Homicide Detective Dan Meyers arrives and joins Detective Stearns in the well. (Detective Meyers testified for the defense in the Stephanie Lazarus case. I met him at the Ka Pasasouk preliminary hearing.

8:39 AM

DDA Carney and Mr. Re emerge from Judge Perry's chambers. DDA Carney informs the family that only direct family will be allowed to speak. Firefighters who worked with Glen will not be allowed to give an impact statement.  I pass my card to Firefighter Slack and tell him that I will publish any statement in full.

Becker is brought out from the jail area. He's in jail blues.  Re leans in and whispers to him. Judge Perry takes the bench and greets the room. "Good morning, everyone."  He goes on the record in People v. Becker.

Judge Perry starts off by stating there is a request for camera and still photography. Those requests have been denied. "I have a request for audio recording. ... I'm denying. ... I don't feel it's appropriate."  Re goes on the record to object to cameras.

Judge Perry then starts talking about the case and how it started. "This case arose from events ... on February 16th, 2011, ... when a fire broke out in the defendant's home." Glenn Allen, a respected firefighter died when a ceiling collapsed on him and other firefighters.  The court has read various motions and read the preliminary hearing transcripts and had numerous conferences with attorneys.  Judge Perry states he's also read the probation report. "I found several significant errors in that report and want to talk about them at this time." He reads a section of the report on page 3. "It's the court's view, looking at (documentation?) ... that these statements are false."

DDA Carney states, "With respect to the fireplace installed in the top floor, ... there is evidence in the form of photos recovered from the defendant ... the fireplace was installed sometime ... in October 2010."  He goes onto talk about the evidence of the other fireplaces is in the form of text messages that Becker sent.  Judge Perry rules, "I'm striking from the probation report lines 18 through (?) because ... out and out false." I believe Judge Perry goes onto address DDA Carney, that the case was filed under the belief that Mr. Becker had "bootlegged in" the fireplaces after the building had passed inspection.

I believe DDA Carney responds that he believes (or it's the position of the DA's office) that the fireplaces were installed prior to final inspection.  "I don't know one way or the other. .. I know he did conceal many things (from the building inspector?). ... I don't know what unfolded."

Judge Perry talks about the Building & Safety inspector, Mr. Brad Bescos, and the court's opinions about Bescos' testimony and the problems with that testimony. Mr. Re responds about the fireplaces. Judge Perry responds that he doesn't believe Mr. Bescos. "I don't believe him."

Judge Perry then moves onto another part of the probation report that he has a problem with. He reads from the document. "... states circumstances and aggravating (?) ... took advantage of the public trust." He then comments, "I don't understand that, public trust."

DDA Carney responds. "There are numerous instances where the defendant concealed things from Building & Safety," and he outlines some of them.  Judge Perry asks Carney, "Do you think that Mr. Bescos had a problem with the truth?"  Carney responds, "I think there were some problems ... the fire stops. ... There were none. ... The people's view ... He (Bescos) remembered that statement at the prelim where he never mentioned it before."  Judge Perry comments that the people made no effort to file perjury charges against Mr. Bescos.

I believe DDA Carney responds at this point that it's the people's position that Bescos did not lie on the stand.  Judge Perry states he is striking the other statement from the probation report. "I don't think there's anything under the law..." He goes over more in the probation report, and then moves onto the fire stops (aka fire blocking). "One of the difficulties is the lack of fire stops. ... The fire went from the fireplace to a void area, ... up the void area and across the ceiling ... and there were no fire stops in the void area."  Carney states that's absolutely correct. I believe Carney adds that the inspector, Mr. Bescos approved insulation as a fire stop even though he never inspected it. "(The) inspector stated that insulation is approved as a fire stop but it was never inspected to see if it was done."

There is more discussion on what the court characterizes as the failures of the building inspection.  Judge Perry comments on Captain Watters' testimony on the ceiling collapse. "In all his years ... he had never seen a ceiling come down ..." He then moves on to Inspector Thost's testimony, that one of the reasons the ceiling came down was a lack of fire stops.  DDA Carney states he wholeheartedly agrees with that.

Judge Perry states that Mr. Becks is responsible, but also there's partial responsibility of the Building Inspector.

DDA Carney replies, "That's an impossible standard. ... The Building & Safety Code recognizes this." Carney quotes the code that covers this. "Ultimate responsibility lies with the builder. .. In the code..."  I believe DDA Carney explains that the building inspectors are limited in what they can do. They can't verify every single step in the building process on every structure that is built.

Judge Perry states that in having this discussion, "What I'm trying to ... is to make clear to those interested in this matter ... that there are legal issues with this case. ... Significant legal issues."  Judge Perry then goes onto talk about the letters he received and that they will be made a part of the case record. He states that some letters were repetitive but others were thoughtfully written. Everyone calls for the maximum sentence of 4 years.  The DA is offering 2 years.  DDA Carney confirms that is the DA's offer.  Carney states that is the offer prior to (potential) trial. He would expect Becker to serve 1 year.  The DA's offer does not include any conditions on probation. It would be one year in County jail and that would be it. Irrevocable parole would not apply. (I believe at this point Carney may have added that once Becker served his term he would be deported so probation is not an issue.)

Judge Perry states how long he's been a judge, 22 years and that he's tried many felony trials. He mentions he's presided over 268 murder trials. He also mentions that he presided over the John Orr trial, a major arson case. "John Orr, ... tried in this court and convicted of murder. ... I have made an offer to the defendant of probation and 1 year in custody. ... I've done so for the following reasons. ... In the courts view, the fire was clearly unintentional. ... the defendant and girlfriend were sleeping in the house (at the time the fire broke out). ... no prior record. ... (The) court has serious issues of proof ... and loss of life. ... Mr. Re, ... perhaps ... talk about firefighters exception to firefighters (suing?)?"

Firefighters are prohibited from suing for injuries while fighting fires, etc.  DDA Carney adds there is a general rule that civilly, they are not allowed to sue.  Firefighters are not allowed to sue under their duties fighting fires.

I believe it's Judge Perry who adds that Becker went out of his way to ensure that the family was compensated for their loss. Mr. Re states a "substantial settlement" was reached with the family and paid by the insurance company. My notes are not clear. I believe it's Judge Perry who states, "To me, (the settlement) ... reflection of genuine remorse."

There is a real difference between the court and the DA's position.  Becker will be in custody six months verses one year. I believe DDA Carney adds, "I believe the defendant will be removed from the US after serving his term and will not be under the jurisdiction of the court." (Regarding the probation.)  Judge Perry adds, "Under law, since the court has made that offer, the court is bound by it."

DDA Carney, with all due respect to Judge Perry, now puts on the record the DA's position on the lesser sentence offered to Becker by the court. Carney and Judge Perry exchange pleasantries as to their high regard for each other.  I believe Carney states," We have a difference of opinion. ... I know I probably won't persuade the court."

DDA Carney agrees that "... although there are issues of credibility with Mr. Bescos, ... those issues don't mitigate the defendant's own culpability in this case. ... The defendant is responsible for construction in this case."  Judge Perry responds "I accept that."

I believe DDA Carney continues, "He admitted that he built the house. ... He built the fireplace because he said he wanted it done right. ... He was going to do it is way regardless of Building and Safety.  ... The defendant was driven by cost and time.  ... (His) goal was to market it to a TV production and do it on a constricted time scale. ... Building and Safety was an obstacle to that. ... Glen Allen died because the defendant put an outdoor fireplace in his house. ... It was a violation of any reasonable construction standards.  ... He installed a fireplace using wood and drywall. ... He installed a fireplace with gross and inadequate venting or no venting whatsoever. ... He compounded that by no fire stops in the void spaces. ... Just putting fire stops in that one (thing?) ... could have stopped or slowed down this fire. ... The defendant installed four of these fireplaces [in the home]. ... they were all outdoor ... never designed to be installed inside. ... All four showed clear evidence they failed in the same way as the upstairs fireplace. ... It wasn't something that unforeseen. ... All would have caused (a fire?) ... it just happened that the strongest was first. ..."

DDA Carney continues. "The defendant was not someone who was unaware (of building standards).  He had a long experience of building in Spain. ... He was aware of the Building & Safety Code. ... He had a manual with him ... He used the book to argue with Building & Safety as well as contractors who didn't like the way he cut corners. ... He was aware of the manufacturer's instructions. ... He was aware of the manufacturer's warnings. ... Fact is, he just didn't care. ... Because he wanted to save costs and time. ...  All appliances of this type must have a UL rating to be used indoors. ... The manufacturer's not only had instructions, ... the burners had large labels attached in the shipments that had warnings ... (that stated?) ... very important that there are 18" openings to allow ventilation and cooling. ... Without venting, (the fireplace) had a build up of heat, which was (inevitable?) in starting fires. ... It is beyond the pale of any industry standards. ... When Colorado Hearth & Home had (an inkling? these might be installed in a structure?) ... they wrote the defendant [that these were specifically for outdoor installation] ... The defendant wrote back, 'I am aware ... I just don't see the difference. ... It's a pit with a pipe.'  ... The defendant wrote back that he would install venting after inspection ... "

"The disturbing, really truly part of the case ... after firefighter Glenn Allen died in his house ... he's doing reconstruction ... and he sends photos of jell fireplace (to his contractor) ... that are not approved for indoor installation. He writes, 'I ordered this fireplace. I would appreciate if you could ... I want this installed after the final inspection ... so we don't have any further delays.' ... After a firefighter died ... He sends an email to the realtor. ... He's talking about (external?) fire sprinklers ... which he hated the aesthetics ... that's what was important to him ... (aesthetics) ..."  Becker de-installed the sprinklers. "His question to her was ... What do you think I should do? The first option he listed was ... take it out after inspection? ... The only thing that matters to him ... was the aesthetics."

DDA Carney talks about Becker's contract with Tressor, (the TV production company that would have filmed Germany's Next Topmodel, where models would have lived in the defendant's home), and that the contract mentions violations in the building code, such as: 1) the removal of railings from the staircase; 2) the removal of the sprinkler system from the balcony; 3) the removal of the pool alarm.  He failed to list the circumstances of the gross negligence in construction, making fireplaces out of wood and drywall.   Carney then mentions the inadequate size venting in one of the bedrooms, that actually vented back into the bedroom itself. The venting went into the void space and back into the bedroom. This is an example of gross negligence, of a disregard for human life.  "We know he sent an email ... requesting tiles to build another fireplace. ... We know that happened after the inspection. ... As far as he was concerned, Building and Safety was an obstacle to be skirted around. ... I addressed the fire stops. There were no fire stops in the wall."

Judge Perry asks DDA Carney, "(You?) ..don't think that would give you a problem with a jury?" DDA Carney responds, "They would be rightfully more angry at his blatant disregard [for Building & Safety] ..."

I believe it's DDA Carney (but it's possibly Judge Perry) who mentions a New York case, involving a high rise building. I believe he's talking about the Deutsche Bank fire in Manhattan.  Carney continues, "A disconnected pipe fed water to the upper floors." Judge Perry replies, "The jury acquitted in that case."  I believe Judge Perry adds, "... testimony of building inspector at prelim is problematic as Judge Tynan stated." (Judge Tynan presided over the preliminary hearing. Sprocket.)

DDA Carney continues to argue the DA's position. "In California, the Building and Safety inspector can't be responsible for all the defects that go into the building. ... Building and Safety (inspectors?) have very little resources to do what they do. ... They are an administrative agency, not an investigating agency. ... They rely on builders ... wanting to comply with the code. ..."  Carney then tells the court, "I don't believe he lied under oath. ... There are issues with credibility, but I don't believe he lied. ... Mr. Bescos admitted when confronted with photos. ... He admitted that they had to have been there.  ... When Mr. Bescos' supervisor asked him to look at ... [the fire that occurred in the fireplace at the defendant's home] ... his response was, 'What fireplace? There is no fireplace.'"

Judge Perry replies, "But isn't it more of a mitigating factor? ... bootlegged in after inspection?"  DDA Carney agrees with the court there are issues, but he disagrees with where the responsibility lies. "I want to throw the book at him," Carney tells the court, "But I recognize there are issues with the case."  DDA Carney brings up the Conrad Murray involuntary manslaughter trial, but adds that, "Michael Jackson was a willing participant. ... Glenn Allen was not." No settlement, no matter how generous, can make up for the loss of Glenn Allen's life. "I don't think probation sends the right message. ... All I'm saying is, ... this case should have a (?) under the Building and Safety code, because of the blatant disregard [for the code violations]."

Defense attorney Re responds. He states that he's read most of the letters that the court received. He doesn't disregard or belittle in any way [the loss of Glenn Allen's life].  Re mentions the probation report and adds, "One of the things that concerns me is one of the (letters? probation report?) .... don't understand or are aware of (the?) complete circumstances of the case. ... None of the (document?) mentions Building and Safety and Mr. Bescos. ... The story that's out there ... because of the statement of Mr. Bescos. ... We produced to the court and the photos ... that are a part of the record."

Re states that Becker did not try to hid the fireplace from the Building and Safety inspector. That it came out that Mr. Bescos said in a meeting (with the DA's), statements the DDA you heard would have testified to.  Re acknowledges there are family members and other people in the courtroom who are hurt [by Glenn Allen's death].  "One of the great saving graces of our system of justice is putting a brake between (them and the defendant?) ... the court is aware of all of the facts. ... You see Mr. Bescos and how he lied throughout the entire process. ... Mr. Becker has a family he hasn't seen. ... Children he hasn't seen. ... He has accepted responsibility for his part. ... There is restitution that's been made to this family ... and he will be serving time in county jail. ... This is a difficult case, painful case for everyone. ... This man is being punished ... He is a good and decent man."

Judge Perry states he is going to take the plea at this time. If he's not a citizen, he will be deported (after serving his sentence) as a result of the case. Defendant is sentenced to one year and probation. If he violates probation, he could be returned to custody. He will have to live with this for the rest of his life.

The court mentions several court fines. A restitution fine of $280.00. A court security fee of $40.00, and I believe another court fee of $30.00.  Judge Perry advises the defendant of his rights. That the defendant gives up his right to a jury trial. He gives up his right to cross examine witnesses. That he gives up his right to remain silent.  " The charge is involuntary manslaughter, ... unlawful without malice, killing Glenn Allen, a human being."

Gerhard Becker pleads no contest.  Judge Perry states the plea has the came effect as a guilty plea.  Victim impact statements are now requested. Judge Perry requests that the individuals address their comments to him and not the defendant.

Melodie Allen, wife of Glenn Allen is called.
"Thank you Judge Perry.  ... Melodie Allen ... All these are not laws ... just words on a page ... A sentence has passed on me and my family. ... I have to ... I wake up knowing he is dead. ... I met him when he was 5 and I was 10. ... My life is ripped to shreds. ... My daughter has to live her life without her father. ... He was a main stay (in our family?) ... "

As Mrs. Allen speaks, my eyes start to well up.  I have to dab my eyes and try to maintain my composure. DDA Carney has turned his chair around in the well to face her, and watch her read her statement. I could swear his face is becoming emotional, too. (Even while I am transcribing my notes, reading them brings me back to that moment and my eyes well up again. Sprocket.)

Mrs. Allen talks about how her daughter, in the last days of her pregnancy, had to watch her father die then rush to the hospital to give birth to her first child.   "My son-in-law only had three years (with him?) ... but (Glenn?) always addressed him as 'son.'" Both her daughter and son are medical professionals. "They knew there was little hope. ... Their grandson will never feel his hug. ... We know what a loving, supportive man he was ... and why he will be missed.  ... All were shaken to the core. ... He touched all those who knew him ... those who worked / interacted with him at the hospital. ... We had such plans for retirement. ... I know it's cliche, but we had plans of growing old together.  ... I hope he was knocked unconscious, and not aware of what was happening to him."

Deborah Allen, Glenn Allen's sister speaks next. (I apologize. I do not have the confirmed spelling of Ms. Allen's name and I missed hearing the addition of her married last name. Sprocket.)

"Deborah Allen, ... Glenn's sister. ... I wrote a two page letter." Her voice starts to break. Judge Perry gently responds, "I know. I read it."

"Melodie said it all beautifully as to how I feel. ... I was the middle ... there were three of us. ... We were close as any brother and sister could be. ... He would tell me anything and I could tell him ... anything. ... I miss his goofy smile. ... the hardest thing (I've?) ever had to do ..."

She starts to cry.  DDA Carney is watching her give her impact statement.

"I knew he was gone when I drove from San (Diego? Francisco?) that he was gone."  She talks about her family and the shock of Glenn's death.  "Our mother can't say his name anymore.  ... The firefighters that were there that day, ... they will have to live with the fact that their comrade died. ... There were (other?) firefighters that were also injured. ... I want him to serve the full (term?) ... No probation."

There are no other impact statements.

Judge Perry states that the defendant has no right to address the court but if he wishes to address the court, I would allow it.  Mr. Re states there is no statement from Mr. Becker. "I am of the belief this is the appropriate sentence for this matter. ... No sentence can replace the life of Glenn Allen. ... Defendant is placed on felony probation for three years. ... (including today there are?) 68 days good time credits. ..."

Judge Perry continues with the sentencing and fees but I don't note those. Mr. Re states he's filed a motion to return Mr. Becker's property. There is no objection from the people.

As people start to file out of the courtroom, family, friends and their supporters hug.  The defendant will serve six months on the 1 year jail term, (because he's in county and it's good time credit earning accounting.  Becker has about four more months to serve, and then he will most likely be deported.
And that's it.

Notes post hearing
I'm told that during the proceeding, the KNX reporter nodded out at times and appeared to be snoring.  Matthew and I decided to attend the press conference on the 12th floor where DDA Carney will address the media about the case and Judge Perry's ruling.

 DDA Sean Carney, Arson Division addressing the media 1/3/14.

I have an audio recording of the presser in two parts and lots of photos.  I'm having difficulty getting the audio uploaded to YouTube.  As soon as I resolve that, I will post an update with links.  The media was promised a copy of Mrs. Allen's full statement via (I believe) email, however, I haven't received that yet.

I know that two firefighters wanted to give impact statements, but Judge Perry would only allow immediate family to give impact statements.  If there is anyone of Glenn Allen's friends or family that would like their impact statement in the press, I'm happy to publish that statement in full. Contact me via email at: sprocket.trials AT gmail.com.

Close up of Firefighter Glenn Allen's memorial photo,
worn by a fellow firefighter at Becker's sentencing.

LA Observed Article - Architect Pleads Out in Firefighter Death - gets one year

LA Times - German Architect gets 1 year sentence in death of L.A. firefighter

Jahi McMath: Merely Dead, or Really Most Sincerely Dead?

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GUEST ENTRY BY KZ!

This is a GUEST ENTRY by KZ. KZ is a CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist), who wrote the excellent series Dr. Murray's Death Drip Explained.  KZ weighs in on Jahi McMath's current condition. 

WARNING: Not for the faint of heart. Sprocket.

 Jahi McMath
Source: Keep Jahi McMath on life support, Facebook page

Jahi's Legacy
The Long, Sad Death of Jahi McMath

Jahi McMath: Merely Dead, or Really Most Sincerely Dead?
ByKZ
Last evening, January 5, 2014, the body of Jahi McMath was released by Children’s Hospital Oakland, to the Alameda County Coroner’s office. A Death Certificate has been initiated by the Alameda County Coroner, pending final completion upon the autopsy of Jahi Mc Math at a later time. The Coroner has released Jahi McMath’s body to the custody of her mother, Latasha Nailah Winkfield, for …..

Ongoing care and admission to another health care facility?

Or

Family religious and cultural rituals, including transportation of the body of their loved one, pending final disposition?

Your individual point of view on this tremendously tragic case will determine which of the above phrases you prefer to use to complete the first paragraph.

The family spokesperson, Jahi’s maternal uncle, the family attorney, and the cosmetologist spokesperson for the nonprofit, non-healthcare facility community center in New York (a building which rents space to therapists, not a licensed or regulated health care facility) offering to (care for vs temporarily store) Jahi’s body, continue to advance their agenda that Jahi is merely “brain damaged”, and as such, is entitled to state and federal protections. There is speculation by a number of web commentators and bloggers that this insistence on “brain damaged and disabled” versus brain dead, and “really most sincerely dead” is simply an attempt to preserve Jahi’s “aliveness” in preparation for a flurry of court actions designed at recovering monetary damages in excess of California’s pain and suffering caps. The uncle, in a recorded press conference referred to the number of $250,000 as “chump change”, and suggested that the more appropriate number is $30,000,000. Thirty million versus $250,000. Maybe it’s just me, but it is pretty unseemly to be tossing around these kind of numbers while Jahi is still alive. Or wait—is Jahi alive? Is Jahi dead?

The family took custody of Jahi’s body from the Coroner, and completed whatever process was requested to officially receive HER REMAINS. I can’t apologize for my use of caps there, because I thoroughly believe that the young teen with the bright smile died nearly 4 weeks ago. The last 3 ½ weeks has only been a painful and grotesque battle over who gets her body, and when. A contentious stalemate between a world class health care facility, and a family in the throes of anger, denial, and grief.

For the last 3 weeks, we have all read and heard about what brain death is, and what this family believes it isn’t. We have seen grainy examples of diagnostic tests, and discussions of “electrical silence” from EEG’s, and failed apnea tests. We have marveled and recoiled at discussions of spinal reflexes, and forced ourselves to watch videos of unfortunate souls with brain death who demonstrate Lazarus sign.

But for just a few paragraphs, I’d like to talk about another difficult set of facts that apparently none of the mainstream news reporters are willing to research and discuss. Possibly out of respect and deference to a grieving family, or for some other unknown motivation, I don’t know. Let’s talk about an anatomical certainty for a just a minute.

I am convinced most who read here are well informed about the process for determining brain death, the bedside tests and assessments, as well as the electroencephalograms and SPECT radionuclide perfusion tests demonstrating complete lack of blood flow in brain death.

Approximately 3-5 days after a determination of brain death, a process called “autolysis” begins in the brain dead individual’s brain. To put this in very blunt terms, the non-perfused brain begins to soften and liquefy, coagulating into a congealed mass of dead tissue, enzymes, and other products of cell death.

That is a miserable, grievous paragraph to write when you are discussing what has happened inside the skull of a much loved, shy 13 year old young girl with a beautiful smile, but this is what happens in EVERY case of brain death that is prolonged by mechanical ventilation. EVERY case. And I meant to use caps there for emphasis. The absence of blood flow cannot be reversed. Ever. By any means. There is no “waiting for the swelling to go down.” Most of the studies cited below are for populations of patients brain dead an average of less than 99 hours (4 days). Jahi Mc Math has been brain dead for at least 24 days, as of January 6, 2014.

From: The Paradox of Brain Death, by Pauline W. Chen
While normal brain tissue is firm, a brain that has been dead shows progressive autolysis, a form of biological self-destruction. “It will almost be like soup,” Dr. Harry Vinters, chief of neuropathology at UCLA, recently explained to me. He is the co-author of a major textbook on the pathology of the brain and has performed almost a hundred autopsies on the brain-dead. “It really depends on how long they have been on the ventilator. If they have been on the ventilator for two days, then the brain is grey and softened. But if, for example, a family has had difficulty deciding what they want to do and the patient has been kept on the ventilator for two to three weeks, then there’s tremendous autolysis. The brain gets very swollen, soft, and mushy.” The nerve tissue can become so friable that fragments of brain from the head will break off and float down the spinal column. “Sometimes I’ll be looking at a slide of the spinal cord,” says Vinters, “and I’ll see fragments of cerebellum floating around in the specimen.”
There is no rehabilitation for a liquefied and congealed brain. There is no hope for this individual to ever have any improvement whatsoever. Time and “nutrition” will not heal her brain, because in effect, she has no brain. The organ that was her brain is gone, completely and utterly gone. It is as if she has been “functionally decapitated”. This is what happens in brain death. This is the hard, sad, miserable, awful, grotesque TRUTH about what brain death is.  This is why brain death IS death, and is recognized as death, as certain as cardiac death. No amount of wishing, magical thinking, hope or prayers will bring back Jahi McMath. Jahi does not need our prayers—but her family does.

References:

Wikipedia: Single-photon emission computed tomography

Nuc Med Resource: Brain Death Scan

NCBI: Stability and Autolysis of Cortical Neurons in Post-Mortem Adult Rat Brains

NCBI: On the Autolysis of Brain Tissue

SPRINGER: Autolysis of the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex in brain death

RESEARCH GATE: A clinico-neuropathological study on brain death

VQR: The Paradox of Brain Death

Jahi McMath - A Body in Limbo

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January 10, 2014

Prior stories: 
01/01/14 Jahi's Legacy - by CaliGirl9
01/03/14 The Long, Sad Death of Jahi McMath - by CaliGirl9
01/05/14 Jahi McMath: Merely Dead, or Really Most Sincerely Dead? - by KZ

The last independent information the public received on Jahi McMath was Dr. Heidi Flori's January 3, sworn statement as to the condition of Jahi's body, and following that, Children's Hospital Oakland confirmed to The Oakland Press that her body had been removed from the hospital Sunday evening (1/5).

We still do not know to what facility/hospital Jahi's body was moved. McMath's family and attorney have been tight lipped in that regard, but they have been very vocal when it comes to other information they want to tell the general public.  I believe the first notification that Jahi's body had procedures to insert tracheotomy and gastric feeding tubes came from Omari Sealy's (Jahi's uncle and spokesperson) Instagram page. Family attorney Christoper Dolan told the press the same thing and the media repeated the information.

On the Faceboook Support Jahi Page, there is a photo of someone (mother? sister?) holding Jahi's hand. I understand that there is supposedly another image of someone holding Jahi's hand, alleged to have been posted on Jahi's sister's Instagram or Twitter account. It is unknown when these photos were actually taken. They could have been taken days or weeks before they were uploaded to the web. We just don't know.

With independent information about this case coming to a standstill, speculation abounds on news reports, message boards and blogs as to where Jahi is and how long it will be before her body's other organs begin to fail completely.  Still, there are many issues that I think warrant discussion in this case.

There have been statements made in the comments here that the concept of brain death diagnosis was only made to support organ donation. One of T&T's readers found this study on Pub Med that refutes that claim. It's a good read.

I've started a Jahi McMath Quick Links Page to gather relevant links all in one place. If you have a link that is relevant, please post it on this story and I will add it to the Quick Links. Any and all help in building that page will be appreciated.

I'd also like to pass on some links to a few other documents that hopefully will continue the conversation.  There is a good story in the New York Times discussing Jahi's case as well as that of Marlise Munoz: At Issue in 2 Wrenching Cases: What to Do After the Brain Dies?

CLASSIC CASES IN MEDICAL ETHICS, Chapter 14 by Gregory E. Pence

California Health & Safety Code 1254.4
 
RESEARCH GATE: A clinico-neuropathological study on brain death

Discover Magazine - The Beating Heart Donors 5/2012

The Catholic Key -  Sometimes things are not as they seemby Bishop Finn

01/09/14 San Jose Mercury News - Medical Experts Say Organ Failure Inevitable 

01/10/14 NBC Bay Area: Friends Believe Jahi McMath "Quiet Leader" is Alive

Cameron Brown 3rd Trial, Pretrial Hearing 14

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January 10, 2014

Below are photos I took of Inspiration Point during Cameron Brown's second trial in 2009.

The first photo is taken from the farthest eastern edge of Portuguese Point. Do you think you could see what's happening on Inspiration Point from Portuguese Point?


Below is a zoom in shot of the western side of Inspiration Point from the same area as above.  In the zoom shot it appears closer than it really is.



Below is an overhead shot of Inspiration Point.
The far right edge in the above photo is where 4 year old Lauren Sarene Key's father, Cameron Brown told detectives she fell.

When I received the district attorney's daily calendar for Friday late Thursday afternoon, Cameron Brown wasn't on it.  I then checked the Los Angeles County Sheriff's inmate locator page on their web site. The sheriff's site indicated that Brown had a hearing this morning. So there was a debate in my head on whether or not there really was a hearing this morning.  I didn't want to take any chances on possibly missing a hearing so I drove into downtown LA.

When I arrived on the 9th floor, my first clue that there probably wasn't a hearing was the fact that Patty Brown, the defendant's wife, was not in the hallway.  She's usually here before me, but DDA Hum was here.  From the DA's calendar, I knew DDA Craig Hum had a hearing for another case in Judge Lomeli's court, Patrick Harrian, the UCLA professor charged with involuntary manslaughter, after a fatal laboratory fire killed a student.

While I was waiting for Dept. 107 to open, private investigator Christian Filipiak arrived. When he saw me he came over to say hello and wish me Happy New Year. I ask him what case he is here for. Filipiak is one of Michael Thomas Gargiulo's private investigators.  (Gargiulo, who is representing himself, is facing the death penalty for multiple murders.)  I told Filipiak about the Cameron Brown case. Christian told me he is working on the Cleamon Johnson defense, which is in Judge Ohta's courtroom, the same judge who is hearing Gargiulo's case.  In December 2011, the California Supreme Court tossed the murder and death penalty convictions of Johnson and his co-defendant Michael Allen. (I believe these are old murders; I'm not positive. Sprocket.) The DA's office is retrying the two defendants. The case sounded interesting so I told him I might drop in if the Brown hearing wasn't too long.

When I step inside Dept. 107 and take a seat, the friendly bailiff I first met during the first Spector trial tells me that Brown's hearing had been vacated.  It was moved to February 5, 2014.  I replied, "But I checked the sheriff's web site this morning!" He replied that he knew there was an error.  This was the first time I've ever encountered an error in the sheriff's web site. I left Dept. 107 and entered Dept. 108, taking a seat in the gallery by Filipiak.

The bailiff in 107, had stepped through the connecting jail area between the courtrooms and entered 108. He saw me in the gallery and said, "So you decided to switch courtrooms." I replied that the investigator had explained the case and rather that go back home, I thought I would sit in because it sounded interesting. Filipiak had indicated he thought the case was going to go to trial today, but he wasn't positive.  I thought I would stick around to see what would happen.  After we were in the gallery awhile, Filipiak tells me that he was mistaken. The case is not going to trial today.  Judge Ohta has another case in trial already.  This would just be a hearing to continue the case.

9:15 AM
Judge Ohta takes the bench. While he waits for all the attorneys to arrive in the well, he speaks off the record to those attorneys in the well. He asks, "What do you think of this declaration against penal interest statement?"  He then gives a hypothetical, where there are two defendants who robbed a business.  In the course of the robbery, someone gets killed.  One of the two defendants, in speaking to the other defendant, admits that they both did the robbery, but they never intended to kill anyone. Judge Ohta continues, "There is this element of exonerating one's self from the crime."  There is a bit of a discussion about this among the parties in the well then Judge Ohta clarifies, "The declarant says the non-declarant did the shooting."  There is a bit more discussion about whether the statement can be used against both defendants.

The parties go on the record and I hear a bit more about the case.  One of the motions filed by the defense is asking for discovery. There is a bit of discussion, background information for the motion. I thing I have the gist of what was discussed correct. The defense for Johnson is alleging that one of the state's key witnesses in the original trial (Mr. Witmore {sp?}, who is now deceased) lied on the stand that he witnessed the shooting. The defense alleges that this defendant was in county jail at the time of the murders, and the police investigating the crime knew that but put him on the stand to testify anyway.  There is something about this being said on an audio tape. Apparently, the district attorney has checked with the sheriff's, and the old jail records from that time have already been expunged. There's no way to verify for certain whether or not the witness was in custody at the time of the murder.

Mr. Johnson's counsel tells the court, "I believe they knew the witness lied in order to convict my client."  While he's saying this, I see DDA Scott Marcus give a tiny head shake from side to side while he speaks. Judge Ohta asks whether or not it's disputed that Mr. Witmore was incarcerated.  DDA Marcus tells the court that he can only speak to the information he's obtained. He has Mr. Witmore's rap sheet from the 1990's, and he was sentenced to 300 days in county jail, according to the rap sheet. "How much he served, is unknown," Marcus adds.  Back then, it's unknown what the jail policy was in releasing defendants.

There's a bit more discussion on the case and another motion is discussed.  All defendants were ordered back on Feb 7.  And that's it for court today.

Legal History of the Jahi McMath Case

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GUEST ENTRY by VenomousFeminist!

T&T is fortunate to have one of our readers, VenomousFeminist, a California attorney, explain the court documents and rulings in the Jahi McMath case. I have verified that VenomousFeminist is a real attorney, licensed with the California State Bar. Sprocket.

Prior stories: 
01/01/14 Jahi's Legacy - by CaliGirl9
01/03/14 The Long, Sad Death of Jahi McMath - by CaliGirl9
01/05/14 Jahi McMath: Merely Dead, or Really Most Sincerely Dead? - by KZ
01/10/14 Jahi McMath: A Body in Limbo - by Sprocket

LEGAL HISTORY OF THE JAHI MCMATH CASE
by VenomousFeminist

There has been a lot of confusion about the court proceedings in the Jahi McMath case, and a number of questions as to why Judge Grillo extended the initial temporary restraining order (TRO) out to January 7,  nearly 3 weeks after the initial  TRO was granted.  I think part of the confusion is that this case has been heard now in three separate courts – the Alameda County Superior Court (state trial court), the First (Second? – the pleading captions vary) Appellate District Court (state sppeals court) and the District Court of California (federal trial court).  Let me see if I can sum up the actions that have occurred in each court, and their outcomes, thus far, to help clarify why the extensions were granted, and by which court.  I’m not going to address CHO’s response unless someone is unclear on their position and specifically asks for clarification, nor am I going to address the merits of the arguments made.

Alameda County Superior Court (incorrectly identified as “Oakland County” by Petitioner in one pleading):

12/20/13 Hearing– ex parte hearing on initial request for Temporary Restraining Order (ex parte means the requesting party doesn’t have to give advance notice to the other side, and can have a hearing without the opposing party present, something that is usually not allowed.  The court disallowed the ex parte request and requested CHO to submit a response prior to the hearing) [Winkfield v. Children’s Hospital Oakland Exhibits Part 1, filed 12/30/13 pgs. 8-74]:

On 12/20/13, Jahi McMath’s family (Plaintiff or Petitioner) filed a request for a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) and a request for a court order to force the hospital to provide medical treatment for Jahi.  Specifically, the request asks the court for an order to prohibit the Children’s Hospital of Oakland (CHO) from discontinuing ventilation (this is a temporary request initially, with the further request that after the hospital has a chance to respond, it be made permanent), and further asks the court to order the hospital to provide a feeding tube, antibiotics and any other medicines that would support organ function.  At this time, the Petitioner’s court documents describe Jahi as in a comatose condition with brain damage.  They also ask for time to get another opinion on treatment and prognosis for Jahi.

There are three main arguments advanced by petitioner in this document:
  • 1. California law gives the McMath family the right to make medical decisions for their minor child, including the decision to continue ventilation, and if the hospital and family can’t agree, the hospital must make arrangements to transfer the patient (Jahi) to a facility that will provide the requested treatment.  Petitioners cite various provisions of the California Probate Code to support these arguments.
  • 2. There must be evidence that withdrawing life support is in the best interests of the patient or in compliance with their wishes, that when the patient can’t decide for herself, a family member can make that decision, and when the patient’s wishes are unknown, California law errs on the side of preserving life.  A number of California appellate cases are cited to support these contentions.  None of these cases involve brain dead individuals.
  • 3. CHO has a conflict of interest, and shouldn’t be able to benefit by turning off the ventilator because by doing so, they limit their potential damages in a malpractice action.  Interestingly, they state on pg.  25, line 8, “[h]er daughter died . . .”  No statutes or case law are cited to support this argument.
The cases cited in this petition generally detail legal precedent, in the form of California case law, to make decisions in favor of sustaining life-support in cases where the patient’s wishes are unknown, and in giving parents the right to make medical decisions for their children.  (Note, I haven’t read all of these cases, I’m going off what is represented in the court documents, and the quotes of the cases themselves.)  None of the cases cited by petitioners involve patients who have been declared brain dead.

Along with the petition for the TRO, the plaintiff filed a proposed order (this is typical practice), which the court chose NOT to sign.   Typically the court will either sign the proposed order, or have one of the attorneys draft an order for his/her signature.  There’s an image of the areas of the proposed order with items crossed out in the above link that I find quite interesting.  The court in the signed order, declined to order medical treatment as requested by the McMath family, and declined to find that all the facts and allegations in the petition were true and correct.  There are other deletions on the proposed order that are worth looking at as well to get an idea of how limited in scope this initial TRO actually was. (pgs. 46-47) 

What the court does order is for CHO to maintain the status quo (i.e. ventilation) until an independent determination of brain death can be made.  The court does NOT order that the hospital leave Jahi hooked up to a ventilator indefinitely, nor will it order additional treatment for Jahi.  Essentially, what the court does is say, yes, there is a presumption towards preserving life in CA, so let’s get an independent expert in here to resolve the issue of brain death so there’s no question about it on appeal.  A status conference is set for 12/23/13 so the parties can pick an expert.  This is a “win” for petitioner only in that it buys them time to get their own expert – Paul Bryne – before the court. 

12/23 Hearing – Alameda Superior Court (pgs. 76-93 of the above link)


Petitioners request that Paul Bryne is appointed as the independent expert to determine brain death, despite the fact that he’s not licensed to practice medicine in California.  They also ask again for a permanent order to prohibit the hospital from removing ventilator support, and for an order requiring the hospital to insert a feeding tube and provide additional medical care as requested by the McMath family. 

The arguments advanced in this document are as follows:
  • 1. California allows patients to determine their own medical care, and if they can’t, their family can decide for them.  This argument, and much of the case law, is simply recycled from the first brief.  Again, none of the cases deal specifically with brain death.
  • 2.    Latasha Winkfield has a Constitutional right to make health care decisions for her child and force medical providers to comply with her requests.  No statutory or case law is cited to support this argument.
Again the cases cited in this brief deal with California legal precedent, in the form of case law, that supports the right of an individual to determine medical treatment for him/herself.  In fact, the cases cited in this second brief are largely identical to the cases cited in the original brief. 

The court again orders “status quo” until December 30 and appoints Dr. Fisher as the independent expert, which is a huge loss for Petitioner as they were really focusing on getting a feeding tube in place and in granting Jahi’s mom unlimited decision making power over Jahi’s future medical care. A hearing is set for the following day so they can go over Dr. Fisher’s report.  Petitioner’s request to appoint Dr. Bryne is denied. (Modified TRO12/23/13 )

12/24/13 Hearing – Alameda Superior Court


The court issued a written order detailing the reasoning for its findings.  This is typical when it is expected that such an order will be appealed.    (Winkfiled v. Children's Hospital Oakland, Exhibits Part 2, filed 12/30/13 pgs. 60 of 77 through end)

The court denies the Petitioner’s request for continued ventilation and for decision making authority (essentially being able to require the hospital to provide requested medical treatments, such as a feeding tube).  This order also gives some insight into the information provided to the court at the various closed-door hearings.

Judge Grillo admits that while the statute doesn’t specifically require that one of the two physicians making a finding of brain death be unaffiliated with the hospital, because of the allegation of conflict of interest raised in the initial brief, he decided to order a third evaluation for brain death by a doctor unaffiliated with CHO. 

The hearing on December 24 was again a closed door hearing (the closed door nature of the hearings, and the sealing of the medical records admitted into evidence, was at the request of Petitioners) where the findings of Dr. Fisher were addressed, and testimony by one of the CHO doctors who originally made the finding of brain death was heard.  It should be noted that the court states “petitioner’s counsel stipulated that Dr. Fisher conducted the brain death examination and made his brain death diagnosis in accord with accepted medical standards.”  Basically, Mr. Dolan agreed that the determination of death complied with California law.

There was a slight kerfuffle when Mr. Dolan requested a continuance so he could review Jahi’s medical records (which he had recently received) with his expert witness, which was denied by the court on the grounds that it wouldn’t be relevant to the issue of whether the brain death determination was legally sufficient.  This issue reappears later.

The court, at 5 p.m. on Christmas Eve denied the Petitioner’s motion, and dissolved the TRO effective on December 30.  The reason the TRO remained in effect until December 30 was to allow the parties time to file an appeal, which the Petitioner did.

State Court of Appeals


12/30/13 – Petitioners file an appeal to the State Court of Appeals.  (Writ petition)
The Petitioners request to extend the trial court’s order keeping the ventilator on while their appeal of that order is pending.   As part of this request to extend the TRO, the court documents allege there is a facility in New York (probably New Beginnings) that is ready to take Jahi and treat her, and that there is an examining doctor who indicates that Jahi is not suffering from irreversible brain damage. 

The second part, the actual grounds on which the lower court order is appealed, is based on the following arguments:
  • 1. The law allowing the hospital to discontinue respiratory support after a finding of brain death violates Petitioners’ rights to freedom of religion and to privacy under the California Constitution.  The analysis of this argument is basically the same as was alleged in Petitionerss briefs to the lower court – an individual’s right to privacy guarantees them the right to make their own health care decisions – the new argument is that turning off the ventilator and refusing to insert a feeding tube would violate the religious beliefs of the Petitioners.  The case law cited is again virtually identical to that cited in the lower court briefs.  There is no case law cited to support the argument that turning off the ventilator would violate the Petitioner’s religious beliefs.

  • 2.  It was a violation of the Petitioners’ Due Process rights for the trial court to deny Mr. Dolan a continuance to allow time to review medical records.   There is case law cited which generally states what is considered to be due process.  (I did tell you this issue would come back up.)
Thus far, there has been no further action on the appeal that I am aware of.  In light of Jahi having been moved out of CHO, it is likely the appeal will be considered moot (no longer at issue).

District Court of California


12/30/13 – At the same time that the appeal is filed in the California court of appeals to overturn the lower court ruling denying the request to continue ventilator support and to place a feeding tube, Petitioner also filed a federal lawsuit alleging violation of civil rights and various federal laws which apply to persons with disabilities and again requests a order to keep the vent on and to order a feeding tube.  (Federal lawsuit alleging violation of civil rights)

Since this is essentially a complaint, a statement of fact which also says various laws have been violated, there is no case law required . None of the causes of actions (laws that were violated) are substantially different from what has previously been addressed.  The Petitioners’ position has remained consistent – put in a feeding tube, keep the vent on, and allow Petitioner to dictate what medical procedures will be performed by CHO. 

(As an aside, this complaint refers to privacy rights as being granted by the 4th Amendment.  While the 4th Amendment does grant the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure, the privacy rights being addressed here are typically recognized under the 1st Amendment.  This isn’t really relevant to the legitimacy of the underlying argument, but it’s more evidence of the sloppiness and tortured logic seen throughout Plaintiff’s pleadings).

On December 20, 2013, the district court issued a written ruling in reply that grants part of the request, and denies part.  The court outright denied the request to insert a feeding tube, and set a hearing on the issue of whether ventilation should be continued.  That effectively extended the right to keep Jahi on the ventilator until that 1/7/17 hearing.  Basically, the order mirrors the state trial court order to maintain the status quo until both sides can be heard. 

As we know, this 1/7/14 hearing never happened because Jahi was transferred out of CHO per a mediated agreement before the hearing could happen.  As a result, the TRO was denied, and the underlying case mooted. 

- VenomousFeminist

Samuel Little Pretrial Hearing 1

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Samuel Littel, March 4, 2013, via ABC News.

Tuesday, January 14, 2014
I was rushing this morning. I got out the door late and I got into downtown Los Angeles about 8:15 AM. I had to park at the Catholic Diocese, Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels on Temple, (an expensive parking lot) because I was worried I wouldn't make it to the 9th floor on time. It's a toss up if the lines to get into the building will be long, or how long the wait will be in the elevator bay.

Samuel Little is charged with three cold case murders: Carol Alford in 1987 and Audrey Nelson and Guadalupe Apodaca in 1989. Here are a few mainstream media stories that give some background on Samuel Little. Little appears to have criminal records in quite a few states. He was a suspect for murders in two other states. (The ABC report includes a short interview with LAPD Cold Case Detective Mitzi Roberts, Detective Rick Jackson's old partner.)

1/07/13 LA Times - LAPD Arrests Serial Killer Suspect from 1980's
1/07/13 LA Times - Copy of Complaint
01/17/13 LA Weekly - Samuel Little 3 Cold Case Murder Charges
4/7/13 Fox News - Timeline retraces the steps of a career criminal, alleged serial killer
04/07/13 Fox News - Cold Case Arrest Prompts Mulitstate Probe
04/12/13 ABC -Alleged Serial Killer Suspected in Murders Nationwide (inc. video rpt.)

I was interested in following this case because 1) I've had a life-long interest in the psychology of serial killers; 2)DDA Beth Silverman is prosecuting and 3)Retired Cold case detective Rick Jackson worked the case. Back in 2009, I was following a case of Silverman's at the Van Nuys Courthouse but the defendant eventually pled. I've heard many wonderful things about how sharp a litigator Beth is and I wanted to sit in on one of her cases for a long time.  

I was under the impression that the Samuel Little case was assigned to Judge Perry, Dept. 104 (that's what the LASD web site said Little's next appearance was) but the DA's calendar said Dept. 107. Back on July 11 last year, I knew the case was assigned to Dept. 104 from Dept. 100. If in fact, the case was in Dept. 104, I had to be on time because Judge Perry starts his day right at 8:30 AM.

I'm in luck clearing security and getting an elevator.  When I get to the 9th floor, there's a sign on Dept. 104 that the Judge Perry's courtroom is dark this week and all filings are being handled in Dept. 103.  I head down the hallway to Dept. 107, Judge Lomeli's court.

8:34 AM
Two sheriff's deputies arrive at Dept. 107 and one of them asks the other, "What time is it?" Since I have my laptop open at the time, I tell them the time is 8:34 AM.  They then unlock the doors to Dept. 108 and Dept. 107. I decide to stay in the hallway so I can be on my laptop a bit longer.

A few minutes later DDA Silverman arrives with another attorney and a young man I'm assuming is an intern or clerking for the DA's office.  I don't recognize the male attorney with Silverman. Beth gives me a quick smile and I follow everyone into Dept. 107.

8:45 AM
Judge Lomeli is standing behind his desk but he is out of his robes. As soon as counsel arrive, all three are discussing the case and scheduling. Judge Lomeli warns counsel that he is stacked four cases deep, meaning, there are four cases already lined up on his calendar.  The parties mention a few dates to come back and argue motions. March 21 to return, with the intention of starting the trial May 9th. That's changed to May 9 for a status and May 12th to pick a jury.  Now Silverman is going over motions she intends to file.  The ease at which Silverman and the defense attorney are communicating is refreshing to see.

I believe there is a discussion about using a jury questionnaire. Judge Lomeli asks counsel if there's been a lot of interest in the case. I believe the defense attorney states there was interest back when Little was arrested.  Lomeli tells the parties he's inclined not to use one.  I believe the Judge asks when Little will be brought out and his bailiff states he's in a wheelchair and he will be up momentarily.

Silverman is now going over her witnesses she's going to call with the defense attorney. It's all quick, and amazingly efficient. The conversation is very amicable between them. I hear that the prosecution will file an 1101b.

8:52 AM
Little is brought into the courtroom in a wheelchair via the front doors. Little is 73 years old. He's stocky, but he appears to be sunk down into the chair. There is a white blanket over his shoulders.

I remember another time when a defendant was brought in through the front door in a wheelchair for a pretrial hearing. It was  during the first Spector trial in Fidler's courtroom. The defendant had something covering his mouth and a female sheriff was filming the defendant the entire time he was being moved. Whispers flashed among the press that the defendant was a killer with HIV. The mouth guard was because he would try to spit at the jailers.

As soon as he's put before the defense table, his attorney starts speaking directly into Little's right ear.

8:52 AM
Judge Lomeli takes the bench. Counsel are asked to state their appearances for the record. Michael Pentz for the defense. Judge Lomeli starts out by addressing the defendant. He tells him, "Your attorney is still preparing for trial. ... several motions that have to be filed ..."

The court reporter interrupts Judge Lomeli to tell him she had a problem. It could be with her equipment. She gets it fixed and Judge Lomeli continues. "... once ... prepared for motions ..."

DDA Silverman tells the court she will be filing a 1101b motion and a third party culpability motion. (I believe People v. Hall is the case that is usually used to guide opposition to admitting third party culpability evidence.)  Judge Lomeli asks if she's filing a third party culpability motion. Silverman clarifies that she will be filing an opposition to admitting evidence to third party culpability. If I'm understanding correctly, it apears Silverman is ahead of the defense and already anticipating a defense third party culpability motion, before they've even filed it.

Judge Lomeli gets all the prior agreed upon dates on the record. March 21st for the next pretrial hearing (where I think motions will be argued).  May 9th for a last minute status hearing and May 12th for trial.   The defendant is asked if he agrees to postpone his case until the next hearing.  He pauses for a moment and then nods his head. I don't hear him answer but he may have.  Judge Lomeli asks the defense, "Counsel join?"  The defense joins. The defense also agrees to give a potential continuance for the people, because Silverman has another case in another courtroom that may interfere with the May 12 start date. And that's it for the hearing.

Outside the courtroom, I introduce myself to Little's defense attorney for the correct spelling of his name.Mr. Pentz is with the public defender's office.

It's my understanding that at some point in the case, the prosecution filed a 170 motion (I don't know under which sub-heading.) to get the case moved out of Judge Perry's court and in front of another judge.  This is why the case is no longer in front of Judge Perry. I also understand that the DA's office is going for life without parole (LWOP)  instead of the death penalty because of the defendant's age.

KELLY SOO PARK Sues Santa Monica Police Department

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6/4/13: Kelly Soo Park reacts after being acquitted on murder charges 
in a downtown Los Angeles courtroom.

Los Angeles Times Now is reporting that Kelly Soo Park is suing the Santa Monica Police Department:
A woman acquitted of murder last year in connection to the high-profile slaying of an aspiring model filed a lawsuit Wednesday accusing Santa Monica police of intimidating witnesses and damaging her reputation.

Kelly Soo Park, 48, alleges three witnesses who planned to testify on her behalf were scared off or tainted by Santa Monica Police Det. Karen Thompson.
T&T covered the Kelly Soo Park trial.

In 2010, Kelly Soo Park was arrested for the March 2008 murder of 21 year old Juliana Redding.  Redding was found beaten and strangled to death in her apartment. Park's fingerprint and a drop of her blood were found on a ceramic dinner plate in Redding's kitchen sink. Park's DNA was found around Redding's neck, on the front and back of the t-shirt Redding was wearing, on Redding's, blackberry cell phone as well as on a stove knob.

Deputy District Attorney Stacy Okun-Wiese prosecuted the case.  The prosecution alleged that Redding was killed after her father, Arizona pharmacist Greg Redding, backed out of a business deal with Dr. Munir Uwaydah, who dated Juliana for a short time.

Park was acquitted of all charges on June 4, 2013.

I clearly remember when the defense argued these motions to present this evidence just days before the trial was about to start.  Judge Kennedy ruled over and over again that this evidence did not meet the standard. That there was no "nexus" between John Gilmore and Juliana Redding's murder.

Regarding Melissa Ayala, Judge Kennedy said something to the effect that if you asked Ms. Ayala on Wednesday how she felt about John Gilmore, she would say she loved him but if you asked her on Thursday, she would say she was afraid of him.

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